Everglades National Park, in southern Florida, preserves a vast wetland complete with an incredible variety of wildlife, including alligators, crocodiles, manatees, Florida panthers, and a tremendous number of birds.  A boat cruise is the only way to see much of the park, because water predominates.  But, there are also many walking trails which can be accessed via the park roads.  The Visitor Centers provides information and lists of Park Ranger-led programs which are held frequently. Don’t visit in the summer since the mosquitoes are ubiquitous and extremely aggressive.

 

            Olympic National Park, in the northwestern corner of Washington, is a park with something for everyone.  It has snow-capped mountains; it has wild, unspoiled beaches; it has eerie and unusual Temperate Rain Forests; and it has abundant wildlife because so much of the park is truly wilderness.  The best way to visit is by car, a significant day trip from Seattle or, better, an overnight stay on the peninsula. Route 101 which loops around most of the park and allows access to the best sights, is, itself, around 300 kilometers (200 miles), so leave early and plan to be gone for the entire day.

            Hurricane Ridge in the northern area of the park offers views of striking snow-capped peaks and the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the north. There are a number of walking or hiking trails available as well.

            Ruby Beach, on the western edge of the park, is wild and strange, with its many sea stacks and driftwood.  It’s not a beach for swimming, but just to stroll and admire the photogenic scenery or to explore tidal pools to observe the many small sea creatures which inhabit them, such as pacific coast sea anemones, sea urchins, and starfish.

            The Hoh Rain Forest, inland from the Ruby Beach area, invites the visitor to observe an extremely uncommon ecosystem, a temperate Rain Forest. Don’t be surprised if it rains during the visit, since this area gets 150 or so inches of rain (almost 400 cm) per year.  This environment is characterized by mosses which drape the tree branches and give them an otherworldly look.

 

            Gary's Gem

                        Take the Hall of Mosses Trail, an easy self-guided walk, to experience the lush, eternally green Sitka Spruce Forest.

 

              Yosemite National Park is another park whose images are extremely familiar to everyone.  From the writings of John Muir to the photographs of Ansel Adams, the park’s vistas are legendary.  Yosemite represents glacial landscape at its best.  From El Capitan’s monolithic face to Yosemite Falls, the highest waterfall in North America, to an alpine meadow called Tuolumne, to Glacier Point, a breath-taking overlook, Yosemite’s beauty is stunning.  The price paid for all this, however, is slow-moving traffic and hordes of visitors which severely diminish the average person’s enjoyment.  But, if the traveler can put up with some of the inconvenience, Yosemite is a true treasure. Incidentally, there are shuttles available in the valley floor area in the summertime, which is a good way to avoid the aggravation of the traffic, and also to reduce the pollution caused by so many cars.  There are even stands of Redwoods, two of which date back to a time when tunnels were dug through the trunks so that cars could pass through, although one of these trees is now dead.

            Another way to minimize the congestion and crowding is to walk several of the numerous trails within the park. 

            An interesting excursion from Yosemite is to travel east to Mono Lake, an unusual lake with high mineral and salt concentrations which allow the formation of strange and beautiful calcium carbonate structures, such as, tufa, spires and knobs.  The entire area is volcanic in origin and fairly recent geologically.

 

            Gary’s Gem: 

                        1.  The view of Yosemite Valley from the Valley View overlook is particularly beautiful because it encompasses many of the “famous” landmarks of the park, including El Capitan, Half-dome, and Bridal Veil Falls.

                        2.  Other exquisite viewing areas include Glacier Point and Washburn Point, which are both high above the valley floor and look down at Vernal Falls and Nevada Falls, truly showcasing the glacial nature of the landscape.

 

              Yellowstone National Park is not only America’s first national park, but is, probably, the premier national park in the US.  It combines dramatic scenery, exemplified by the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, with incredible thermal areas, e.g. Old Faithful, and a great variety of wildlife which is extremely accessible to visitors.  The park consists of two circular routes (a northern, 112 km or 70 mile loop, and a southern, 150 km or 96 mile loop) which meet and share a common east-west road across the middle of the park.  Each of the loop roads requires at least a day, so a minimum stay in the area should last two full days (keep in mind that it is better to stay longer to allow more time at the various sights).  Yellowstone requires a considerable amount of walking in order to fully appreciate the thermal and scenic areas since many of the sights are along trails or elevated boardwalks above the thermal areas and are some distance from the roads. 

            There are numerous must sees in the park. The following is a list of the major sights.  

            Old Faithful geyser (in the Upper Geyser Basin, the largest concentration of geysers in the world) is the unofficial symbol of the park. It is called Old Faithful because it reliably erupts every 78 minutes on average and its eruptions spray heated water over 100 feet into the air.

             The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone (at Canyon Village) offers views of yellow, orange, red and white canyon walls above the blue-green Yellowstone River, 330 meters (1000 feet) below. Yellowstone Falls, at one end of the canyon, adds more beauty to the scene.  Stop at the various overlooks, such as Artist Point and Inspiration Point, to get different perspectives.  

            Mammoth Hot Springs (in the northernmost region of the park) features colorful terraces of superheated water flowing over a kind of limestone called travertine. The end result is a colorful (shades of white, yellow, cocoa, and pink), steaming staircase.

            Norris Geyser Basin includes Steamboat Geyser, the world’s tallest, among others as well as colorful (shades of blue, yellow, orange and green) pools and other thermal features.

            Wildlife, such as, Bison, Elk, Bears, Wolves, etc, are common throughout the park (although wolves are seldom seen near the populated areas) so be prepared to stop at traffic jams which begin as soon as significant wildlife is spotted, because people just stop their cars in the middle of the road to take pictures and to watch.  Instead of getting upset, just relax and enjoy the experience.

            Fountain Paint Pot (in the Lower Geyser Basin area) is extremely different from the other thermal features and is interesting and entertaining.  Here multi-colored mud boils and spouts.

            Many other attractions are spread throughout the huge park. There are numerous walking trails which lead to waterfalls, other thermal areas, etc.

            Cody, Wyoming, is a town which recalls the days of cowboys and shoot-outs.  It was founded by William “Buffalo Bill” Cody, hence the name, in 1896.  Memorabilia of the founder and the period are found at various sites in the town. Check them out especially if intrigued or interested in the Old West. Cody is also the eastern gateway to Yellowstone National Park.

            West Yellowstone, Montana is the western gateway and is another quaint, little town with a western flair.

 

            Gary’s Gem: An interesting and memorable experience is to take a swim in the Firehole River, a cold, mountain stream which is warmed considerably as it travels through the thermal areas, becoming comfortably warm. Access is just off Lower Loop Road, just south of Madison (check with a Ranger at any of the Visitor Centers to get more specific directions and to make sure swimming is still permitted).

     "Sin City" is one of the world's most popular destinations. Many people return again and again, year after year. The major attraction, of course, is gambling -- the largest concentration of gaming facilities in the world; however, Las Vegas has much more to offer than roulette and blackjack. Many of the casinos, especially those on "The Strip," are significant destinations in and of themselves.

 

         1. Wander along "The Strip" -- Las Vegas Boulevard is known as "the Strip," and it contains the most elaborate and expensive casinos in the city. This is the Mecca for the majority of tourists. As a matter of fact, many visitors never leave this section of the city.

 

         2. See the Freemont Street Experience -- In the oldest part of the city, downtown Las Vegas, the main street has been transformed into a pedestrian-only zone, where, every hour, an incredible overhead multi-media presentation delights visitors.

 

         3. Spend Some Time at the Venetian -- One of the marquis hotels on the Strip is this elaborate facility which offers a spectacular lobby, a canal complete with gondolier and gondola, and high-end shops featuring Italian merchandise.

 

         4. "Travel" to Paris, Las Vegas -- The theme of this popular hotel is the fabulous "City of Lights." Here you can see the Eiffel Tower, the Arc d'Triomphe, and other landmarks of the city. Inside, the corridors resemble the streets of Paris.

 

         5. Have Some Fun at the Stratosphere -- Imagine a roller coaster and other thrill rides high up above the city, with a spectacular view of the entire Strip. This is the Stratosphere, actually a casino and hotel, in addition to the amusement park area.

 

         6. Spend an Afternoon at Red Rock Canyon -- Just a few miles out of the city is a colorful canyon which offers great scenery, hiking trails, and other recreational activities.

 

         7. Take an Excursion to the Hoover Dam -- The number one day trip from Las Vegas is to this mammoth dam which created Lake Mead when it was constructed in the 1930s. It has been considered one of the world's greatest engineering projects. You can drive across the dam into Arizona.

 

         8. Spend a Day at Valley of Fire State Park -- This is one of America's most spectacular state parks, a place to see fantastical and colorful rock formations. The road through the park provides access to many of the most unusual features.

 

         9. Enter an Other-worldly Place at Death Valley National Park -- This huge and incredible national park is certainly a full day-trip, perhaps even more, due to its sheer size. The surreal landscapes and unusual features make it a memorble excursion. The highest temperatures in the Western Hemisphere were recorded here.

 

        10. Watch Carnival at the Rio -- This hotel, just off the Strip is known for its elaborate buffet and also its spectacular show (free), featuring unbelievable costumes, a carnival celebration each and every day.

 

        11. Take in a Show -- The entertainment in Las Vegas is second-to-none, and an evening show is a requirement for any visitor to the city. There are numerous top-shelf entertainers to choose from.

 

        12. Enjoy a Las Vegas Buffet -- Many of the hotels, both on the Strip and off, offer huge buffets, with every kind of food imaginable. Some are truly outstanding values as well.

 

        13. Be Amazed at the Bellagio's Water Show -- One of Las Vegas' top hotels has a lake in front, on which a dazzling water fountain display, set to music, occurs. It is extremely popular with tourists and a great place to while away an hour or so.

 

        14. Enjoy the Free Show Outside Treasure Island -- This casino offers an elaborate show, called the "Battle at Buccaneer Bay," which delights onlookers frequently over the course of the day.

 

        15. Shop in the Forum at Caesar's Palace -- You feel like you are walking in the footsteps of Julius Caesar at this ornate venue, featuring high-end shopping, as well as several interesting free shows.

 

 

             Las Vegas is one of the most exciting locales in the world.  Many casinos vie for the tourist dollar by enticing them with both free and fee attractions.  This is truly a place that never sleeps!  Whether it is the water show at the Bellagio, or the “Battle at Buccaneer Bay” at Treasure Island, or shopping at the forum at Caesar’s Palace, or taking a gondola ride at the Venetian, Vegas has something for everyone, even those not into gambling.  The nightly shows are tremendous, with semi-permanent top performers, such as Celene Dion, or Cirque de Soleil and, occasionally, famous guest performers.  Each casino has tried to outdo its competition with beautiful and authentic venues. Examples include various Parisian monuments like the Eiffel Tower and the Arc d’Triomphe at the Paris, a huge Egyptian-style pyramid at the Luxor, a tall monolith topped with an amusement park at the Stratosphere.

            Be sure to walk up and down the Strip to check out all the major hotels and their particular theme (the lobbies and interiors of some are spectacular). Another characteristic of Las Vegas hotels is to offer huge, elaborate, and reasonably-priced buffets, which are extremely popular with tourists.

            The Freemont Street Experience is a laser-light show projected above this pedestrian street in the old part of Las Vegas. It transfixes observers with its incredible colors and action.  While here, check out some of the casinos which dominated the scene before the Strip became the Mecca of the area.

            Hoover Dam, located about 30 miles (48 km) from Las Vegas, is an imposing monument to man’s ability to modify his own environment.  The Dam created Lake Mead when it was completed in 1936 and is still recognized as one of the greatest public works projects of all time.  See the orientation video at the Visitor Center, then take a tour of the facility. 

 

            Gary’s Gem:

                        1.  Unless the visitor has never been out West before, don’t bother to visit Red Rock Canyon.  It’s attractive but nothing spectacular!

                        2.  Do visit the Hoover Dam and take the tour! The “Hard Hat” tour is worth the extra money.

                        3.  Valley of Fire State Park, south of the city, makes a great scenic drive and relaxing change from the hustle and bustle of the gambling and entertainment Mecca.

      The city of Amsterdam has a dubious reputation as a place that tolerates what in some locations are deemed to be illegal activities. Marijuana use is permitted, as well as prostitution, in the city's famous "Red-Light District." The city, however, possesses several major attractions, putting it significantly on the European tourist scene. Here are my suggestions for fun things to do.

 

       1. Stroll Around Dam Square -- This busy square is not the most pleasant place to stroll, because of the traffic and the huge crowds, but it is a must-see because of the presence here of the Royal Palace and the National Monument.

 

        2. Get Cultured at the Rijksmuseum -- Although known for its specialization in Rembrandt and other Dutch masters, this wonderful Art museum is one of the best in all of Europe and an important stop for any visitor to Amsterdam.

 

        3. Be Moved at Anne Frank House -- The most popular attraction in the city is this former residence of Anne Frank, a young Jewish girl whose diary has captured the hearts and minds of readers all over the world.

 

        4. Walk Through the Red-Light District -- Although not the best place to be at night, the area is a Mecca for tourists, fascinated by the display of girls, showing off their wares, in their windows along the street.

 

        5. Discover Holland's Bulbs at Keukenhof Gardens -- Perhaps the most colorful and elaborate display of flower bulbs takes place here, just a few miles southwest of the city. Spring is the best time to visit.

 

        6. Make an Excursion to Nearby Haarlem -- This adorable city lies just west of Amsterdam and provides an interesting getaway from the hustle and bustle. It is a great place to wander.

 

        7. Check Out the Begijnhof -- This area of the city was inhabited by religious orders who supported the poor of Amsterdam. Their almshouses have been marvelously preserved.

 

        8. Have a Coffee and a Smoke at a Brown Cafe -- These are the places, mentioned above, where visitors can "toke some weed" and not get arrested. You don't have to partake when you enter.

 

        9. Take a Canal Cruise -- The city of Amsterdam is known for its many canals, and a canal cruise is an important activity on the agenda for all tourists to the city. Canal boats are also a convenient way to get to areas of the city without walking.

 

        10. Check Out the Oude Kerk -- The oldest stone building in Amsterdam is this impressive church, the final resting place for many of the city's residents over the years.

 

         11. Visit St Nicholas Church -- This beautiful church sits prominently in the center of the oldest part of the city. The interior is particularly stunning and certainly worth a visit. 

 

         12. Make a Side Trip to Delft -- The charming village of Delft, known for its distinctive blue and white ceramics, provides a marvelous excursion from Amsterdam. Stroll around the beautiful Market Square and wander down narrow alleys, alongside tranquil canals.

 

 

       The capital of Belgium is a modern, thriving city and a center for the European Union. However, its medieval town center and its past have been carefully preserved and provide visitors with several significant attractions.  Here are my favorites.

 

        1. Wander Around the Grand Place -- This elegant square is one of Europe's finest. It is lined with opulent Guild Houses, who competed with one another in an exhibition of wealth and power. Every other year, part of the square is covered with a blanket of colorful begonias (see photo album).

 

        2. Giggle at Manneken Pis -- This diminutive statue, an endearing symbol of the city, depicts a small boy urinating into a pool of water. Tourists are always amazed at how small the statue is, yet they marvel at its charm.

 

        3. Check out City Hall -- The glorious, Gothic Hotel de Ville (City Hall) is the centerpiece of the Grand Place. Its tower rises high above the popular gathering place.

 

        4. Look For Dignitaries at the Royal Palace -- The large complex is located at the top of a hill, above the Old Town, and is connected to a huge park.

 

        5. Indulge in Some Chocolate at Mary Chocolatier -- Imagine a high-end candy store which services royalty! This is what awaits you at this small shop, near the Royal Palace. The chocolate treats are decadent!

 

        6. Relax at the Place du Petit-Sablon -- This small square is decorated with lovely shrubbery and numerous statues. It makes a great place to rest for a while, or to ponder the purpose of the many sculptures.

 

        7. Rattle Around Inside a Huge Iron Atom -- This large model of an atom of the element, iron, was built for the World's Fair of 1958. Escalators link the spheres, which contain various exhibitions.

 

        8. See the Highlights of Europe in a few Hours -- Mini-Europe is a collection of miniaturized replicas of the continent's most famous structures, including the Eiffel Tower, the Leaing Tower of Pisa, Big Ben and Parliament, etc.

 

        9. See One of Europe's Best Preserved Medieval Towns -- The town of Bruges was once a powerful center of commerce. However, silt clogged its access to the sea and it was virtually abandoned for hundreds of years. Today it is a thriving tourist destination because its lovely ambience has been restored and preserved.

 

        10. Visit Ghent -- Another lovely city which has preserved much of past and present grandeur is the port city of Ghent. Its old city center is the largest pedestrian-only zone in Europe.

 

 

            Munich, the capital of Bavaria and home of the powerful Wittelsbach family, is a great city to explore, either by bicycle or on foot. It has world-class museums and major tourist sights. In addition, it provides a convenient base of operations and entryway for the exploration of the Romantic Road and other destinations in southern Germany. Here are my favorite spots both in and out of the city.

 

       1. Stroll Around Marienplatz -- The central square of the oldest part of the city is alive with activity throughout the day and night. Be sure to find an advantageous location to observe the glockenspiel performance.

 

       2. Have a Beer and German Food at the Hofbrauhaus -- The most famous beer hall in the world is just minutes from Marienplatz. Listen to the "oom-pah" band as you enjoy some traditional German beer.

 

       3. Visit the Residenz -- The winter home of the Bavarian ruling family is a large complex of elaborate and interesting buildings. One of the most delightful is the Cuvillies Theater.

 

       4. Have Fun at the Deutches Museum -- This fantastic science museum offers hundreds of interactive exhibits on all aspects of science and technology. I loved the Chemistry area where visitors can mix chemicals together to see the results.

 

       5. Take the U-Bahn to Nymphenburg -- Enter the world of power and luxury at this summer home of Bavarian kings. The grounds are spacious and manicured, while the palace is posh and elaborate.

 

       6. Check Out the Symbol of the City -- Frauenkirche, Our Lady's Church, with its twin, brick towers, is an easily recognized city landmark, just a short walk from Marienplatz.

 

       7. Stroll Through the Englischer Garten -- This vast green space is a favorite getaway for both locals and tourists. The park offers many activities, including nude sun-bathing.

 

       8. Remember the Holocaust at Dachau -- Hitler's first concentration camp is just outside the city and is a stark and somber reminder of this ugly and embarassing time in German history.

 

       9. Go Baroque at Michaelskirche -- This beautiful church has served as a model for subsequent Baroque structures in Bavaria. Many of the ruling Wittelsbachs were buried here.

 

       10. Visit the Alte Pinakothek -- One of Germany's best Art museums is located in Munich and merits a visit, especially for museum-lovers.

 

     Shanghai is the economic and commercial capital of China and has long been the scene of European influence on the Asian continent. Today, the city has become even more modern and Western in its culture, architecture, and activity. It is a thriving and important port and a frequent entry point into China for outsiders. Here are some of the best things to do in this great city.

 

       1. Stroll Along the Bund -- This line of European-looking buildings along the riverfront is a vestige of the British, French, and Dutch influence on life in the city.

 

       2. Glimpse Chinese Culture at the Shanghai Museum -- This excellent museum showcases the best of China in exhibits that run the gamut of Chinese artwork. It is located in People's Square, a major city gathering place.

 

       3. Search for Tranquility in Yuyuan Garden -- Tranquility may be hard to find in this very popular location where an attempt has been made to capture the essence of the traditional Chinese garden. You might be better off taking a day trip to Suzhou (see #6 below) to find better examples.

 

       4. Climb or at least Admire the Oriental Pearl Tower -- This distinctive landmark, on the Pudong side of the river is actually dwarfed, these days by much taller skyscrapers, but its unusual appearance and location made it an important symbol of the city.

 

       5. Visit the Jade Buddha Temple -- Although out of the city center, this temple is a popular attraction with tourists since it is one of only a few remaining temples in the city, associated with Buddhism.

 

       6. Make a Day Trip to Suzhou -- Here is the epicenter of the Chinese garden. The ancient art of garden-making is nowhere better illustrated than in this city, about 75 miles west of Shanghai. Check out the Humble Administrator's Garden or the Lion's Grove Garden, both marvels of landscape design.

 

       7. Visit a Water Village -- Several of these towns lie west of Shanghai. There major characteristic is the use of canals and boat traffic instead of automobiles. The loveliest of these villages is Zhouzhuang, with its beautiful arched bridges and tranquil setting.

 

       8. Go Ultra-modern on the Maglev Train -- Experience the unbelievable feeling of traveling 300 miles per hour on land on this futuristic train from downtown to the Shanghai Airport.

 

       9. Stroll Along Nanjing Road at Night -- This partially pedestrian-only thoroughfare looks like Las Vegas at night with its many neon signs and interesting people.

 

       10. Become a Kid Again in the Bund Sightseeing Tunnel -- This multi-media experience allows visitors to be dazzled by lights and sounds as they make their way under the river from Puxi to Pudong or vice versa.

 

       11. See a Chinese Acrobat Show -- Some of the best acrobats in the world put on their amazing shows for Shanghai visitors. Be prepared to be totally entertained and wowed by these youthful acrobats.

 

             If Beijing is the political and cultural center of China, Shanghai is the economic center, and one of the country’s most progressive locations. With a past that is associated with opium parlors and decadence, this one-time fishing village at the mouth of the Yangtze River has morphed into a business and commercial force in the world economy.

            Sightseers should plan to spend the majority of time in the old part of the city, Puxi (west of the river), on the Nanjing Lu, Shanghai’s busiest street, strolling through the Yu Garden, and walking along the Wai Tan (the Bund), the riverside avenue. For museum lovers, there is the Shanghai Museum. The Pudong, across the river from the Bund, is the modern, financial sector, with several mega-skyscrapers.  

 

            Gary’s Gem

                        1. Not far from Shanghai are several interesting towns, known as “water villages”, which are a delight to explore. Xitang dates to the Ming Dynasty period and boasts over 100 bridges, and Zhouzhuang has beautiful, arched, stone bridges and tile-roofed homes

                        2. Suzhou, whose Grand Canal purports to be the longest man-made waterway in the world, is known around the world for it classic Chinese gardens. Check out, in particular, Lingering Garden, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lion’s Grove Garden.

                        3. If possible, take Shanghai's Bullet Train to or from the airport for an exhilarating experience.

                        4. My walking tour of Shanghai was posted on 6-9-08. Check it out!

      The capital of Hawaii is a delightful city with much to offer the tourist. The beach is of course the major destination for most visitors to the islands, but there are a myriad of additional activities if you have the time to enjoy them. Here are my favorites.

 

       1. Sun and Fun on Waikiki -- Surf, swim, rent a sailboat, or just lie on the beach soaking up the rays, but be sure to spend plenty of time at this extremely popular place.

 

        2. Climb to the Top of Diamond Head Crater -- The remains of this volcano brood over the city and dominate the skyline of Waikiki. The area is a state park and is worth the climb for stupendous views of Waikiki, the Oahu shoreline and the city of Honolulu.

 

        3. Visit America's Only Royal Palace -- Iolani Palace, the former residence of Hawaiian kings and queens, is not far from Waikiki and merits a visit if only for its uniqueness.

 

        4. Admire the Statue of King Kamehameha -- The legendary king who united all the islands and became the first king of Hawaii is remembered by an elegant statue, across the street from the Iolani Palace (see #3 above).

 

        5. Find Breathtaking Views at the Pali Lookout -- The Nu'uanu Pali Wayside, just a short distance inland from Honolulu, offer great views of the opposite coast and the beautiful mountains of the interior.

 

        6. Get Nostalgic at the Punchbowl -- The National Cemetery of the Pacific, which contains the remains of many American who gave their lives during World War II's Pacific campaign, is a moving tribute to these brave men and women. This stop can be conveniently combined with #5 above.

 

        7. Snorkel at Hanauma Bay -- This state park, not far from the city center, allows visitors access to coral reefs just offshore. A few minutes of snorkeling reveals hundreds of multi-colored tropical fish, seemingly inches from your hand.

 

        8. Order Pineapples at the Dole Factory Store -- Pineapples are one of the major exports of the islands, and the Dole company has been in Hawaii for many years. In the past, visitors could observe the entire processing of this delightful fruit, but now, all that remains is this store where almost anything pineapple-related can be found.

 

        9. Visit Pearl Harbor -- The naval base where American ships and sailors were attacked on December 7, 1941, now includes a huge, open-air museum, displaying many memories of this pivotal date and time. The most impressive part of any visit is a boat ride to the USS Arizona Memorial.

 

        10. Enjoy a Traditional Hawaiian Luau -- Available at many hotels in the islands, this version of the New England Clambake is a great way to sample some typical island dishes. It is ususally accompanied by traditional dances and entertainment.

 

        11. Visit Shangri La -- Doris Duke's palatial estate boasts furniture and accessories from around the world and is a marvel of Islamic architecture patterned after the Mughal construction she admired in India and elsewhere.

 

        12. Learn About South Pacific island peoples at the Polynesian Cultural Center -- A kaleidoscope of interesting demonstrations and activities allows visitors a glimpse into life in the South Pacific. This attraction is worth the better part of an entire day.

 

        13. Watch the Surfers at the North Shore -- Oahu's north shore beaches are famous around the world as some of the best surfing beaches on earth. Names like the Banzai Pipeline, Sunset Beach, and Waimea Bay elicit visions of enormous waves and the world's best surfers.

 

        14. Meditate at Byodo-In Temple -- Modeled after its counterpart in Japan, this haven of peace and serenity is located just outside of the city.

 

     

 

            Oahu, the main and most populous island in the Hawaiian chain and the primary entry point for most visitors, contains numerous attractions and warrants at least three full days to see the major sights. Honolulu, the state's capital, provides the best base of operations for your exploration.

            Waikiki Beach & Diamond Head presents one of the most famous scenes in the world. The beautiful and popular beach, renowned for surfers and outriggers is set against the backdrop of the ancient volcano remnant and is stunning at any time of the day. 

            The islands themselves are located virtually in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, above what is known as a geological “hotspot”, a permanent area of upwelling magma, rising from earth’s mantle.  Because the Pacific Ocean plate is moving in a northwesterly direction, new islands are created from northwest to southeast.  Thus, Oahu (one of the more westerly of the Hawaiian Islands) is older than Maui or Molokai.  The youngest of the Hawaiian Islands is the “Big Island”, Hawaii.  As a result of all this geology, Oahu has remnants of volcanoes, but nothing active, while Hawaii has several very active volcanoes.

            But Waikiki is all about the water and “sun’n’fun.“  Numerous hotels on the beach or just across the street offer opportunities for all sorts of water sports, or just plain tanning or wading.  Climbing Diamond Head (at Diamond Head State Monument) provides the hearty (many stairs and highly exposed to the tropical sun) with a glorious view of the beach and the Oahu shoreline. (Be advised that flashlights are needed since the walk traverses several lengthy tunnels -- they are available at the State Monument but are expensive, so visitors are advised to bring their own from home). While at Waikiki, be sure to watch or join the surfers ride the waves (many are excellent) and walk along the beach to people-watch and to be seen.

            While in Honolulu, also check out the state government area which includes the interesting State Capitol Building, Iolani Palace, the only royal palace in the USA, and the statue of King Kamehameha, who united the islands and was their first true monarch.

            Iolani Palace is the only official royal residence in the United States.  From 1882 till the end of the monarchy in 1893, it was the residence of the Hawaiian royal family.  Subsequently, it became the capitol building.  Now it is open to the public and is preserved as a memorial to the past.

            Across from the palace is the statue of King Kamehameha, who united all the Hawaiian Islands and served as Hawaii’s first king.  Also nearby is Hawaii’s new Capitol building which is also worth a look because of its unusual architecture.

            Other Oahu sights include snorkeling at Hanauma Bay, visiting Pearl Harbor  to get immersed in World War II history at the USS Arizona  and other memorials, or spending at least a half day at the Polynesian Cultural Center for an entertaining look at the various cultures of the South Pacific.

            Pearl Harbor is the scene of the infamous Japanese air raid, on December 7, 1941, which heralded America’s entry into World War II.  This is still an active US Naval Base, but much of the area devastated in the attack has been preserved as a memorial to the men and women who lost their lives on that fateful day.  The most important memorial is the USS Arizona Memorial, which consists of a white enclosure above the sunken hull of the Arizona, on Battleship Row. Oil still leaks from the vessel, and continues to bubble upward to the surface. 

            The men who lost their lives when the Arizona sunk are still entombed within its hull -- their names are immortalized on the walls of the shrine room. Access to the memorial is via shuttle boat and tickets are available on a first come, first served basis, starting at 7:30 AM, so visitors are encouraged to arrive early and plan to wait in line, especially during the summer months. A visit includes a 23-minute documentary film and the 50-minute boat trip. The entire experience is extremely spiritual and reverent, and visitors are asked to maintain silence in respect for these lost souls.

            Other sights available on a visit to Pearl Harbor include the Battleship Missouri Memorial, which commemorates the end of the World War II Pacific Campaign on the ship where the Japanese surrender was signed in 1945, and the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park.  The USS Utah Memorial may be visited by civilians, only when accompanied by a military sponsor.

            The Polynesian Cultural Center, located near the north shore beaches on the island of Oahu, is an educational and entertaining examination of the cultures of the islands of the South Pacific.  The complex is divided into sections which recreate the homes and environments of these people.  Within each area, there are demonstrations, such as, opening a coconut, dancing the hula, weaving a basket, etc. Some of these exhibits solicit visitor participation. 

            There is a daily parade of boats, one for each island group, which displays men and women in native costumes doing native dances. In the evening, these same performers participate in an extended program of dancing, flaming-baton twirling, etc.

            Hanauma Bay nature preserve, located on the northeast coast of Oahu, is a state underwater park which features snorkeling and scuba diving on a horseshoe-shaped, protected beach.  Coral reefs are located just a few feet offshore, in fairly shallow water, making the area delightful even for small children.  There is a fee to use the area and visitors are required to attend a safety and conservation orientation before reaching the beach.

            Unfortunately, the popularity of the area has had a negative effect on the reef -- it is not as extensive or accessible as it once was.

 

            Gary’s Gem:

                        1.  Visit the Hanohano Room at the top of the Sheraton Royal Hawaiian Hotel, in Honolulu, for the best view of Waikiki and Diamondhead. The room has huge glass windows, so have a drink at the bar and take lots of pictures.

                        2.  Take a drive north from Honolulu along the Pali Highway, Route 61, to the Nu’Uanu Pali State Wayside for a glorious view of the northern part of the island from a cliff which was the site of King Kamehameha’s decisive victory in the battle to unite the islands.  Along the way, stop at the Punchbowl, the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, which sits high above Honolulu and offers views back toward the city.

                        3.  To see the best surfers in the world, drive to Oahu’s North Shore, where legendary beaches like the Pipeline, Sunset Beach, and Waimea Bay receive some of the best surf in the world, especially in winter.

                        4.  Take note of the following when visiting Pearl Harbor.  Because of additional security measures adopted post 9-11, bags, including camera bags and backpacks, pocketbooks, etc. are not allowed on the tour, so visitors should leave these items in their car, before leaving the parking lot to get into line.  Cameras are allowed as long as they are exposed in full view.

                        5. My walking tour of Honolulu was posted on New Year's Day, 2009. It accesses many of the city sights described above.

      Scotland's capital city has a quaint and compact Old Town which can be easily negotiated on foot. Several of the hills around the city offer sweeping panoramas of Edinburgh and its surroundings. Plan to spend several days here, before venturing out into the highlands.  My list of activities while you're in Edinburgh includes all the major sights.

 

        1. Walk the Royal Mile -- The street which links Edinburgh Castle with the Palace of Holyroodhouse makes a pleasant stroll and offers numerous shops to dally in and other places to visit along the way. With lengthy stops at the castle and palace, your walk could take a whole day.

 

        2. Visit Edinburgh Castle -- One of the few remaining castles in Scotland which are not in ruins, this medieval fortress has a long and storied history. The Treasury, in the complex, contains the Scottish Crown Jewels. There is a changing of the guard ceremony each day.

 

        3. Learn About Mary, Queen of Scots, at the Palace of Holyroodhouse -- Still a royal residence, when the Queen comes to Edinburgh, this grand palace played a pivotal role during the rivalry of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Queen Elizabeth I.

 

        4. Visit St Giles Church -- This church, about halfway down the Royal Mile, has a distinctive crown-shaped tower and is a prominent feature in Edinburgh's skyline.  The church is plain, dark, and somber inside.

 

        5. Relax in Prince Street Park -- This delightful green zone is sandwiched between the Old Town and the New Town. It contains the Sir Walter Scott Memorial, and offers great views of Edinburgh Castle from below.

 

        6. Admire Edinburgh's Cityscape from Calton Hill -- Just beyond and above Holyrood House is a dramatic setting which provides views of the entire Old Town and, toward the north, the Firth of Forth.

 

        7. Play a Round of Golf at St Andrews -- The birthplace of golf is located about 50 miles northeast of Edinburgh. If you are a golfer, you should attempt to play this Royal and Ancient course. The town has a lovely setting on the water.

 

        8. Look for Ghosts at Glamis Castle -- Reputedly the setting of Shakespeare's famous play, Macbeth, this classic Scottish castle is also considered to be haunted. A visit here can be incorporated with golf at St Andrews (see #7 above) since they are in the same vicinity.

 

        9. Get Into Geology at Arthur's Seat -- James Hutton, the "Father of Geology," used to walk along the rim of this extinct volcano and formulated the basic principles of this important science as a result of his observations. You can walk in his footsteps and also get a great view of Edinburgh.

 

        10. Spend a Night or Two in Castle -- One of my greatest travel memories is spending three nights at Dalhousie Castle, just south of Edinburgh. Breakfast in the dungeon was a real treat, as were the themed rooms and period furniture.

 

        11. Shop For a Tartan -- Whether you are Scottish or not, it is fun to learn about the clan traditions and the specific color and pattern of each major family. Some of the best stores can be found on the Royal Mile, in Old Town, and on Prince Street, in New Town.

 

         12. Check Out Blair Castle -- An unusual and distinctive white color, this castle sits on one of the major routes between Edinburgh and the capital of the highlands, Inverness.

 

          13. Visit a Distillery -- Scotch whiskey is one of the world's most important and popular liquors. Take a tour of a distillery (there are many to choose from) to see how this process works. 

 

          14. Eat Some Haggis -- This local favorite is usually served at breakfast and is composed of pig or sheep intestines. As disgusting as it sounds, it is quite tasty and worth a try.

 

            Edinburgh Castle sits prominently at one end of the Royal Mile, the main street of medieval Edinburgh.  It is incredibly imposing, high on a hill and surrounded by steep cliffs on all sides except the visitor entrance.  Yet this model of castle architecture has been taken at least three times in its history, two by siege and one by stealth.  Parts of the castle (the Chapel, for instance) date back to the 1100’s although most of it was destroyed by Robert the Bruce in the 1300’s, then rebuilt.  The Scottish Crown Jewels, the oldest in Europe, are on display here.  The Great Hall is especially impressive, as are the Royal Apartments.

            From the castle, walk downhill along the Royal Mile to Holyrood Palace, the house of the Queen when she is in town.  Much of it dates back to the 1300’s and includes the bedchamber of Mary, Queen of Scots.  The newer part of the palace (1500’s) is extremely dignified and “royal”.  Attached to the palace are the ruins of an Abbey and a pretty garden. 

            Along the way to Holyrood, the Royal Mile traverses the center of Edinburgh‘s Old Town.  Now lined with many shops and restaurants, it remains a gathering place for locals and tourists alike.  Pay special note of St Giles Cathedral, the High Kirk of Edinburgh, with its distinctive steeple and its dark, Gothic interior.

            Beyond Holyrood, climb to the top of Calton Hill for incredible views of Edinburgh, as well as the Firth of Forth, the famous waterway, to the north of Edinburgh, that cuts into the Scottish mainland.

            Princes Street is the main thoroughfare in New Town (and also the major shopping area of the city) which is also lively with pubs, shops, and parks. Note especially the elaborate Sir Walter Scott Memorial, on the edge of Princes Street Park, a lovely place to stroll.

 

            Gary’s Gem:

                        1.  For a real treat, while visiting Edinburgh, splurge and stay in a genuine castle, Dalhousie Castle, on the outskirts of the city.  The rooms of the castle are themed and have furnishings and decorations which complement the theme.  Breakfast in the mornings is served in the dungeon of the castle, an extremely interesting setting. Be sure to try the “haggis”, a local tradition.

                         2.  My walking tour incorporates all the best sights of the city. You can find it in the archives, dated 10-25-08.