Alaska is the largest of the 50 United States, and is also the most northerly and remote wilderness. As such, visitors tend to be concentrated in the southern, most accessible part of the state. Most tourists actually see the state via a cruise ship. Check out some of the best that Alaska has to offer, below, then check out the photo album.

 

    1. Glacier Bay & the Inside Passage

          Glacier Bay National Park preserves the wilderness on either side of a major coastal waterway on Alaska Sound. Many glaciers flow into the bay, providing both a living laboratory of glacial geology and dramatic, exciting scenery for the visitor. Most people see Glacier Bay from the deck of a cruise ship or ferry. Some offer excursions to the glaciers for the adventuresome. The Inside Passage is the water route taken by most cruise ships which visit Alaska. It is the area between the continental shore of Alaska and the offshore islands, so the water here is not as rough and unpredictable as it would be beyond these islands. In addition, this route allows easy access to coastal communities such as Ketchikan, with its Native Indian culture and many totem poles, Juneau, capital of Alaska and home of the Mendenhall Glacier, one of the state’s most accessible glaciers, and Skagway, the town associated with the Klondike gold rush of 1897.

 

    2.  Denali National Park

          Denali National Park is truly a stunning park. It is extremely remote, over 300 miles from Anchorage, and preserves a large area of Alaskan wilderness, including Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North America. Wildlife-viewing in the park is virtually guaranteed, from Golden Eagles to Grizzly Bears to Dall Sheep to Caribou.

         Much of the park is inaccessible except to wilderness hikers or snowmobiles, but the Park Road, restricted for the majority of its 140 kilometer (85 mile) length to shuttle buses, provides access to the major viewing areas.

         The majority of visitors to the park get to Denali as an excursion from their cruise ship.

 

    3. Wrangell-St Elias National Park

         Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve, in south-central Alaska, is the largest national park in the United States. It preserves a wilderness area of mountains and ice fields. There are only a few roads, several of them just gravel, which penetrate the park and allow access to some of its treasures. The area was noted for its copper deposits and remains one the world’s richest sources of the metal.

     Recently, we traveled, for the first time, to Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Our group consisted of three (3) couples and we stayed at a Marriott resort on the island. Our trip only lasted a week but was memorable in many respects.

     Hilton Head is a lovely island, and is intent on preserving its ambience, so zoning laws and building codes are strictly enforced. All commercial properties must be set back and much of the island foliage must be left growing so that these locations are somewhat difficult to see from the road. In addition, signs are muted and there is no neon lighting. It actually took us some time to get used to spotting places that we wanted to find.

     Our first outing upon arrival was to the western end of the island, known as Sea Pines. There is actually a daily admission to this area, obviously designed to discourage a large influx of visitors. We went down to the harbor area and strolled the numerous shops. Sea Pines is an affluent area, and indications of this were apparent throughout our visit here.

 

     

 

     On Tuesday of our week, we took made our first day trip -- to Savannah, Georgia. Savannah is very close, only about 45 miles, so we had an entire day to explore this elegant southern city. Gary designed a walking tour (see below) which we used as our guide throughout. Savannah was originally designed by Oglethorpe (Georgia's founder) around 24 squares, 21 of which have been preserved by the city. It is a unique design and very amenable to walking, since the squares provide greeenery and shade in a place that experiences much warm weather (we did not have to worry about heat, since we visited in November).

     All the squares are lovely and different, but the most impressive is Forsyth Park, with its beautiful fountain and walkways shaded by large live oaks, draped with Spanish Moss.

 

                

 

     In our walk, we incorporated lunch at the interesting and unusual Mrs Wilkes Dining Room. Here, patrons find authentic southern cooking presented family style on large tables. Food was delicious and extremely plentiful (loosen your belt at least one notch if you go). Thankfully, someone at our table was a regular customer and she briefed us on the situation prior to our sitting down and also described many of the dishes. All six of us were truly impressed with everything and very pleased that we chose this venue instead of Lady and Sons, which, according to reports, has suffered from its huge popularity and gone downhill considerably.

     The end of our walking tour brought us to the riverfront area, which has also been carefully preserved and upgraded. The girls enjoyed browsing in the shops and guys did some people-watching.

 

     

     On Thursday, we took our last and longest excursion -- to Charleston, South Carolina, a distance of about 120 miles. We arrived in the late morning and went immediately to the Visitor Center to see the film, Forever Charleston, which is a "must" for travelers since it provides background necessary to understand the history of the city and to appreciate the visit.

     Once again, Gary designed a walking tour which took us about 2 hours to complete (see below). Highlights were "Rainbow Row" and the "Battery," as well as some of the elegant mansions for which the city is famous. We completed our walk with a beer at the Southend Brewery & Smokehouse and then had supper, on our way out of the city, at California Dreamin', an excellent restaurant on the Ashley River in the western part of Charleston. The ribs were exceptional.

 

      

 

     The remainder of our time was spent just relaxing at our resort, walking the grounds and beach, playing shuffleboard, etc. The guys even played golf one day, since Hilton Head is famous for its many quality golf courses.

     A great time was had by all!

 

                                                      Walking Tour of Savannah

 

    From the Parking Lot on West Congress St, proceed eastward on West Congress (before going too far, stop by at Lady & Sons restaurant, 102 West Congress, to make a reservation for later in the day) to Johnson Square. Note Christ Church (at Bull & East St. Julian Sts). The original structure on this lot was the first church in the Georgia Colony (1733). This later building was constructed in 1838.

    Continue east on Congress St, past Reynolds Square to Warren Square. Take a right onto Habersham and proceed to Columbia Square. Turn right again and notice, at 324 E State St, Davenport House (1820) whose preservation in 1955 spearheaded the city to cherish and restore its history, resulting in the situation today where much of Savannah’s past is on display for the world to see and admire.

    Continue westward on State St to Oglethorpe Square (named after the colony’s founder), then left onto Abercorn St. At #124 is Telfair’s Owens-Thomas House (1816) where the Marquis de Lafayette was a guest in 1825.

    Continue westward on State St to Wright Square, then take a left onto Bull St. The Birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low is located at 10 East Oglethorpe Ave. She was the founder of the Girl Scouts of America.

    Continue southward on Bull St past Chippewa Square (made famous at the beginning of the movie, Forrest Gump, although the bench was only a prop and has been removed) and down to Madison Square. As you circle Madison Square, note the Green-Meldrim House at 14 West Macon, which served as General Tecumseh Sherman’s headquarters during the siege of Savannah in 1864. Then proceed eastward onto East Macon St to Lafayette Square. The Andrew Low House is at 329 Abercorn St and was the adult home of the same Juliette Gordon Low who established the first Girl Scout troop in 1912. The Hamilton-Turner House (330 Abercorn) was featured in the novel, Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil and is reputed to be haunted. Note also the Cathedral of St John the Baptist (222 E. Harris St), one of the south’s largest cathedrals.

    Retrace steps westward on East Macon St then left onto Bull Street, then right on West Jones Street. At 107 West Jones, get in line and stop for lunch at Mrs Wilkes Dining Room, and incredible experience and authentic Southern food.

    When finished, retrace steps to Bull Street, take a right and proceed south to Forsyth Park. Stroll the lovely square-turned-park, checking out the beautiful fountain, erected in 1851.

    Afterwards, hop on a CAT Shuttle (free) headed back toward the riverfront. Get off at City Hall, at the junction of Bull and Bay Sts.

    Next, wander the riverfront area, strolling along Factor’s Walk and River Street, stopping occasionally to browse in the many shops. Notice, in particular, the Waving Girl Statue, on River Street (a reference to Florence Martus, who, in the early 1900’s, promised her sailor sweetheart that she would wave to every ship until his return).

    Riverboat cruises are available at the River Street Riverboat Company, near the Visitor Center.

 

 

                                                        Walking Tour of Charleston

 

    On the way into the city, stop at the Visitor Center (375 Meeting Street) to see the orientation film, Forever Charleston, a 36-minute introduction to the city’s long and distinguished history.

    Park the car at the lot on the right-hand side of Meeting St, just after its intersection with Queen St. Exit at Meeting St and take a left to Cumberland. Take a right on Cumberland and note the Powder Magazine at 79 Cumberland. It is reputed to be the oldest public building in the Carolinas (1713). It was within Charleston’s old City Walls which once was the area bounded today by Meeting Street, Cumberland Street, East Bay Street and Water Street, in this, the oldest part of the city.

    Continue down Cumberland and take a right onto East Bay Street, then a left on Vendue Range (just south of this intersection, slaves were sold at an outdoor public auction block). Continue east to Waterfront Park, which once was the launching area for almost half of Colonial America’s exports until the advent of steam-powered ships (which required deeper harbors).

    Walk south through the park and turn right on Mid Atlantic Wharf. Turn left onto East Bay Street and continue southward. Notice the Moorish Revival Architecture of #141 East Bay. The Old Exchange Building is at #122 East Bay. This was where imports and exports were processed before distribution and was also where the Declaration of Independence was first read to cheering townspeople in 1776. This building also served as a dungeon, a meeting house, and city hall, and was where President George Washington was lavishly feted during his visit in 1791.

    Continue on East Bay to “Rainbow Row,” a cluster of waterfront tenements (#’s 79 -107 East Bay) which were restored in the 1920’s. Continue southward to the Battery. When you reach the intersection with Atlantic Street, cross the street to the water side and climb the steps to the elevated walkway (known as the High Battery). Stroll south along the High Battery noticing the many antebellum homes across the street.

    The Edmundston-Alston House (1825) is at 21 East Battery. Prince Charles of Wales and the Emperor of Japan have been entertained at the William Roper House (1838), #9. The “hot pink” house at 5 East Battery (1848) was built by John Ravenel (whose brother, William, owned the house at #13).

    Stand near the plaque at the end of the elevated walkway and look out at the harbor. The plaque will point the way to Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan’s Island (the island with a lighthouse on the left side of the harbor). The British attacked this fort six (6) days before the Declaration of Independence was signed, in 1776.

    Far out at the entrance into the harbor is the flat shape of Fort Sumter, where the Civil War began on April 12, 1961.

    On Morris Island, the land mass to the right of Fort Sumter, the 54^th Massachusetts Regiment, commanded by Col Robert Shaw, suffered heavy losses in an attack on a Confederate battery -- the basis for the film, Glory.

    Cross the street to White Point Garden which displays several interesting artifacts: Keokuk Gun, in the northeast corner, was salvaged from a Union ironclad which attacked Charleston harbor in 1863; two Confederate Columbiads, part of Fort Sumter’s arsenal, on either side of the walkway at the east edge; the Capstan of the Maine.

    Walk west and then head north on Meeting Street. Note the two windows on the south end of #2 Meeting St, designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany.

    The Calhoun Mansion (16 Meeting St) (1876) was used in filming the miniseries, North and South. It is the city’s largest single-family residence and contains 35 rooms, each with a fireplace.

    Next door (18 Meeting) is the Thomas Heyward House (1803). He was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Note the three (3) types of columns on the house at #26 Meeting: Doric on the ground floor; Ionic on the 2^nd floor; and Corinthian on the top floor.

    Take a left onto Lamboll Street, then right on King Street. The O’Donnell House (#21 King) is an Italianate mansion built for his fiancée who was elsewhere when the house was completed, following the Civil War. The Miles Brewton House (#27) is one of the finest Georgian (1769) residences in America. British Generals, Clinton and Cornwallis, stayed here when English forces occupied the city.

    Next, take a right onto Ladson Street and go back to Meeting Street. Head north to the Nathaniel Russell House (#57 Meeting). It is noteworthy in the United States as an excellent example of Federal architecture. Walk back a few steps and turn left onto Water Street, then take another left onto Church Street.

    Numbers 56-58 Church are known as the James Veree Houses, named after the carpenter who built them. At the Thomas Rose House (#59 Church), Doctor Joseph Ladd’s ghost still reputedly haunts the staircase. The First Baptist Church (at #61) was designed by Robert Mills, architect of the Washington Monument.

    The Richard Caper House (at #69) is a “double” house. Peek into the garden to the left of the house.

    Walking north, you will reach the Heyward-Washington House (#87) (1772) where George Washington stayed during his visit to the city in 1791. Numbers 89-91 Church Street are known as “Cabbage Row” because residents used to advertise and sell produce on the street.

    Just to the north, take a left on Elliott Street, then right on Meeting to its intersection with Broad Street. Here are the famous “Four Corners of Law”: City Hall (representing Local Law), said to be the oldest in the United States, is at the northeast corner; Charleston County Courthouse (representing State Law) is in the northwest; the US Post Office and Federal Courthouse (representing Federal Law) occupies the southwest corner; and St Michael’s Episcopal Church (Religious Law) is in the southeast (it’s bells were cast in London in 1764).

    Take a right on Broad Street and left onto Church. On the left, at 135 Church St is the Dock Street Theatre. It used to be the Planters Hotel, where the drink, Planters Punch, supposedly originated.

    Across the street is the French Huguenot Church (#136), founded by Calvinist Protestants who fled Catholic France in the late 1600’s. The congregation here dates back to 1687.

    Further north at 146 Church Street is St Philip’s Episcopal Church which was Charleston’s first congregation (1680). The graveyard contains the remains of colony-founders, Edward Rutledge and Charles Pinckney, as well as statesman John C Calhoun.

    Continue north to Market Street, then left to Meeting Street. Check out the shopping at City Market, behind Market Hall (188 Meeting).

    Stop for lunch or a snack at the Southend Brewery & Smokehouse, 161 East Bay Street, at the corner of Queen and East Bay.

   

    Canada, like the United States, has incredible natural beauty. Most of the locations recognized by UNESCO are in this category. There are also several historic places in Eastern Canada which have been named World Heritage Sites. Check my list of favorites below and admire the photos.

 

    1. Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks (1984)

 

          

 

          

 

    2. Historic district of Quebec (1985)

 

          

 

    3. Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park (1995)

 

       

 

     4. Old Town Lunenburg (1995)

 

         

    California is one of the largest of the United States and has a wealth of travel attractions, from incredibly beautiful national parks, to glorious beaches, mountains, and exciting cities. It is also one of the most populous states, probably because of its great climate. Enjoy my descriptions of the best that California has to offer, then check out the photo album which will be posted tomorrow.

 

    1. San Francisco

         San Francisco and its bay comprise one of the most famous cityscapes in the world. The romance and excitement elicited by its name has been earned over many years. San Francisco, like New York City, is a melting pot of numerous cultures which have established and maintained enclaves within the boundaries of the city. These areas add to the charm and interest of the city for visitors. There are enough attractions to justify three or more days for the average sightseer, and there are also numerous day trips available to fascinating locations nearby.

         The Golden Gate Bridge, one of world’s most famous landmarks, is known and admired because of its setting as the gateway into San Francisco Bay and to the world class city itself. The bridge is distinctive for its color (a reddish orange) and impressive because of its size. It connects the San Francisco peninsula with Marin County and coastal points North. The bridge connects elements of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which encompasses a huge and varied region in and around San Francisco, and which contains several notable tourist sights, including Alcatraz Island, accessible via ferry from the Pier area. National Park Rangers conduct tours of what used to be a maximum security prison in the middle of the bay. Other attractions within the recreation area include Muir Woods, and Cliff House with its nearby islands, especially Seal Rocks. Many other different types of activities are available in the Recreation Area, because of the variety of habitats which compose the region.

         Muir Woods, named for noted conservationist, John Muir, allows access to a beautiful grove of Redwoods, the world’s tallest trees, just north of San Francisco. The National Monument has numerous trails which can be explored. Despite being crowded during certain times of the year, the area is famous for its solitude and feeling of peace and tranquility, a truly reverent tribute to a great man.

         Chinatown, the largest concentration of Chinese people outside of China, has numerous shops and restaurants and is an extremely vibrant area any time of the day or night. The outdoor food market is especially interesting.

         Another uniquely San Franciscan treat is to ride a Cable Car. The one most popular with tourists leaves from near Ghirardelli Square.

         Climb the Coit Memorial Tower on Telegraph Hill for glorious views of the bay, the skyline, and the Golden Gate Bridge. The views of San Francisco Bay from Sausalito and from Vista Point, at the northern end of the bridge are spectacular.

          Take a drive down Lombard Street, known as the “crookedest” street in the world.

          Cliff House, south of the Golden Gate Bridge, offers views of the coast, especially Seal Rocks, and is a great place to observe sunset.

          One of the most popular excursions from the city is to the Napa Valley Wine Country, located just northeast of San Francisco, which has become popular as a destination due to the increasing popularity of American wines from the area. Many of the vineyards offer tasting and tours of their facilities. The neighboring Sonoma Valley offers similar activities, and is also easily accessible from the city as either a day trip or an overnight excursion.

 

     2. Yosemite National Park

          Yosemite National Park is another park whose images are extremely familiar to everyone. From the writings of John Muir to the photographs of Ansel Adams, the park’s vistas are legendary. Yosemite represents glacial landscape at its best. From El Capitan’s monolithic face to Yosemite Falls, the highest waterfall in North America, to an alpine meadow called Tuolumne, to Glacier Point, a breath-taking overlook, Yosemite’s beauty is stunning. The price paid for all this, however, is slow-moving traffic and hordes of visitors which severely diminish the average person’s enjoyment. But, if the traveler can put up with some of the inconvenience, Yosemite is a true treasure. Incidentally, there are shuttles available in the valley floor area in the summertime, which is a good way to avoid the aggravation of the traffic, and also to reduce the pollution caused by so many cars. There are even stands of Redwoods, two of which date back to a time when tunnels were dug through the trunks so that cars could pass through, although one of these trees is now dead.

         Another way to minimize the congestion and crowding is to walk several of the numerous trails within the park.

         The view of Yosemite Valley from the Valley View overlook is particularly beautiful because it encompasses many of the “famous” landmarks of the park, including El Capitan, Half-dome, and Bridal Veil Falls.

         Other exquisite viewing areas include Glacier Point and Washburn Point, which are both high above the valley floor and look down at Vernal Falls and Nevada Falls, truly showcasing the glacial nature of the landscape.

         An interesting excursion from Yosemite is to travel east to Mono Lake, an unusual lake with high mineral and salt concentrations which allow the formation of strange and beautiful calcium carbonate structures, such as, tufa, spires and knobs. The entire area is volcanic in origin and fairly recent geologically.

 

    3. San Diego

         San Diego, California, is reputed to have the best year-round climate in the continental United States. It is also a major tourist destination because of its many attractions. As a result of its location in Southern California, it was part of Mexico for many years of its history, and some of that period has been carefully preserved. From Mission San Diego, the oldest mission in California, to the Old Town, one finds remnants of this Spanish influence.

         The San Diego Zoo is one of the largest and most respected zoos in the world. Thousands of animals, many of them rare or endangered, are displayed in habitats which have been constructed to resemble their natural environments.

         In the Zoo, check out Ituri Forest, an African rain forest environment, Polar Bear Plunge, a simulated arctic tundra, and the Panda Research Station, with pandas on loan from China. The Koala Bears are also extremely popular, because they are rarely seen outside of their native Australia. The zoo is huge but very pleasant to walk because of the many trees and flowers which line the walkways. If the hills are a concern there are trams available and even a sky ride from the entrance to the farthest corner of the property.

        Balboa Park, which houses the zoo and many museums, as well as offering a peaceful respite from the bustling downtown nearby, is a gem of a city park. The architecture of its buildings is positively stunning and it is a major gathering place for locals and tourists alike. Note especially the California Tower and the Museum of Man with their striking Spanish architecture, as well as the Botanical Gardens, which are superb.

         Being a coastal city, San Diego also offers beaches and other water sports. Drive over to Coronado Island (really a peninsula) and check out Coronado Beach, a perennial member of the “best beaches of the world” list and the famous Hotel del Coronado, a grand, old edifice, and a symbol of the city.

         About an hour north of the city, along Interstate 5, is a worthwhile excursion to San Juan Capistrano, site of the famous mission to which the swallows return each March 19^th. The mission is now in ruins (the result of an earthquake in 1812), but the ruins are extremely attractive and recall a simpler time in the history of California. The grounds are pleasant to stroll and explore. The nearby village of Laguna Beach is also attractive with its steep cliffs tumbling down to the Pacific Ocean below.

         Just north of San Diego is the lovely community of La Jolla, which is very picturesque and home to several excellent restaurants.

         For a great view of the city skyline framed by mountains, drive out to the Cabrillo National Monument, at Point Loma. This spot commemorates the discovery of San Diego by the Spanish explorer, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542.

 

     4. Pacific Coast Highway

         The Pacific Coast Highway via Route 101 or Route 1 stretches from below Los Angeles, California to the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. Probably the most famous part of the route is the section from Los Angeles to San Francisco. It is, without question, one of the most beautiful scenic drives in the US and certainly ranks high on a worldwide list as well. It is noted for its dramatic overlooks of the rugged west coast and access to spectacular areas such as, Monterey, Santa Barbara, Big Sur, and Redwood National Park in California to name a few.

          The Monterey Peninsula, in western California, south of San Francisco, is an extremely scenic area of the state. Take 17-mile drive, a loop which connects the city of Monterey with Carmel, to admire the rocky coast as well as the beautiful homes and golf courses (try to have lunch at Pebble Beach for a special treat) and do stop for a photo opportunity at the Lone Cypress, a tree (supported now by guy wires because of its significance) which stands alone on a promontory of rock that juts out into the Pacific, making it one of the most westerly points in the contiguous United States. While in the area, be sure to spend some time in Monterey whose sardine industry was made famous in John Steinbeck’s novel “Cannery Row”. The Monterey Bay Aquarium is definitely worth a visit.

           Santa Barbara, California, lies along the coast, north of Los Angeles, and can be easily accessed via the Pacific Coast Highway. The city was originally a Spanish town, dating back to 1782, and still retains many reminders of its past, for example, its white-washed, tiled-roof buildings as well as its mission, Mission Santa Barbara, which is one of California’s best-preserved. It has also gained a reputation as an Art Center, and, in that connection, offers numerous galleries, and several museums.

           Hearst Castle, in San Simeon, California, is the mansion of newspaper publisher, William Randolph Hearst. The estate is located at the top of a mountain, known as La Cuesta Incantada (The Enchanted Hill) and overlooks San Simeon and the Pacific coast. Visitors must park near Route 1 and take a shuttle to the castle. There are a variety of tours available, but Tour 1 is recommended for the first time visitor. This tour includes visits to the pools, the gardens and the ground floor of the mansion. Note that there is considerable walking and stair-climbing on all the tours.

           The castle itself, Casa Grande, has over 100 rooms and is furnished with many of Hearst’s art and antiques. Construction on the house began in 1919 but took many years to complete because Hearst imported materials from all parts of the world.

           Redwood National Park, along the coast of Northern California, offers the visitor access to stands of California Redwoods, the world’s tallest trees, as well as rugged coastline and beaches. Numerous trails allow the visitor to experience pristine groves of these magnificent specimens. Scenic drives within the park include the Coastal Drive and Howland Hill Road.

           Another area along the Pacific Coast Highway which attracts visitors, especially on weekends, is Point Reyes National Seashore. The area is pristine and wild, with numerous places to hike as well as beautiful beaches to relax on.

 

      6. Death Valley National Park

           Death Valley National Park is an eerily beautiful area with considerable contrast in its geology. The park is huge (the largest in the contiguous United States) and the sights are many miles apart so one visit may not be enough to see the entire park. Summertime is not the time to go since it is easily the hottest spot in North America. The many stops along the highways offer interesting insights into the formation and evolution of the area.

           Particular sights which should not be missed include Badwater, the lowest spot in the Western Hemisphere (282 feet/93 meters below sea level), the Devil’s Golf Course, an unusual landscape of rock salt spires, Dante’s View for a panoramic view of the Valley, and Scotty’s Castle, an interesting ranch house in the middle of nowhere.

           Be sure to take a side trip along Artist’s Drive to admire the strikingly beautiful colored rocks.

 

      7. Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park

           Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks are adjoining parks which feature the world’s largest tree, the giant Sequoia. Sequoias in the park reach to over 300 meters (200 feet) tall, with trunk diameters over 10 m (30 feet). The “Giant Forest” is the largest grove of sequoias in the parks and houses the General Sherman Tree, the largest known sequoia, over 2,000 years old, which is almost 100 meters (275 feet) tall, with a circumference of 35 m (103 feet). Stop first at the Visitor Center for a map and information. There are numerous hiking trails and scenic roads throughout the parks.

           The most popular drive in the area is the General’s Highway, a scenic route which winds through the parks and provides access to the major attractions.

 

     8. Lake Tahoe

           Lake Tahoe, which straddles the border between California and Nevada, is a year-round vacationland which combines magnificent scenery with winter (skiing) and summer (boating and swimming) sports activities as well as gambling casinos. There are numerous resorts around the large, deep lake with its crystal blue waters. Scenic drives are available on all sides of the lakeshore.

 

     9. Los Angeles & Vicinity

           Los Angeles, California, is California’s and one of the USA’s largest cities. Weather is typically sunny and mild or hot year round. However, traffic is a perpetual problem -- the freeways are a challenge to negotiate, and the main city thoroughfares are often in gridlock.

           In the city, there are numerous museums for those so inclined, but the major attractions are just outside the city center.

           One of the most popular gathering places in the city is Farmer’s Market, located at the corner of Fairfax and Third St. Here visitors will find every conceivable type of food, both prepared and fresh. The narrow, crowded, alleys are full of numerous aromas and shops which will entice all who venture here.

           Hollywood, California, is the legendary home of famous film stars. Even though many of them have residences elsewhere now, there are still many who might be glimpsed either in town or on their estates, so that people still flock here on the possibility. The Hollywood Sign (reduced from its original hollywoodland) is now a famous icon, recognizable throughout the world. One of the better viewpoints is located in Griffith Park, northeast of the city. Follow signs for the Observatory and either take the photo from the parking area or climb higher via the trail which begins here.

           Grauman’s Chinese Theater has immortalized Hollywood celebrities in concrete since 1927. Most have just left hand prints or footprints, but some have left other reminders of their fame.

            Universal Studios is a theme park which attracts millions of visitors each year. There are two different venues: Hollywood and Orlando, Florida, in the United States. Parks also exist in Japan and Spain. The theme of all these parks is the movies, and adventure rides as well as other activities are focused on this theme.

             Also nearby, in the suburb of Anaheim, is Disneyland, the “original” theme park, which, while certainly a scaled down version of its counterpart in Orlando, Florida, is nevertheless extremely popular and perhaps more charming because of its more manageable size.

             Santa Catalina Island, located off the coast of Southern California, near Los Angeles, has become a major recreational resort and Mecca for saltwater fishermen. Access to the island is by air or sea, and numerous private companies are available for hire. Activities available on the island include golf, tennis, swimming, horse-back riding, hiking, and all the various types of fishing. The major community on the island is the town of Avalon.

             Another possible excursion from Los Angeles is to the remote but interesting Channel Islands National Park, located off the coast of California, in the vicinity of Santa Barbara, which preserves island habitat and breeding grounds for a variety of species. Access is only by plane, private boat, or public concessionaire, and arrangements should be made in advance. Park rangers, and a few other authorized individuals conduct walks on all the islands. There are few facilities on the islands, so visitors are encouraged to provide their own food and water.

             A possible inland excursion from the city involves travel eastward to Joshua Tree National Park, in south central California, which preserves an area of desert and mountain habitat of the Joshua Tree. The park is noted for its scenery, which is accessible via several park roads. There are hiking opportunities, as well as rock-climbing. Park Rangers conduct tours of Desert Queen Ranch which is located within the park. There are several Visitor Centers which can be accessed from various directions.

             For a once-in-a-lifetime experience, travel to LA around New Year’s Day and obtain a ticket for the Tournament of Roses Parade, which is held in the suburb of Pasadena on January 1^st each year and begins at 8:00 AM. This is a parade that people around the world have watched on television for many years, but nothing compares to seeing it first-hand. Visitors can actually walk by the floats early in the morning while they are lined up on Orange Grove Blvd and practically touch them. What is truly remarkable is that they are made entirely of organic materials. The creativity involved in their construction is truly amazing.

 

      9. Lassen Volcanic National Park

             Lassen Volcanic National Park, in northeastern California, preserves a number of dormant volcanoes, including Lassen Peak, as well as thermal features such as mudpots and fumaroles, and several lakes and waterfalls. Major vehicle traffic is along Lassen Park Road, a 30-mile drive which accesses most of the most important sights within the park. There are numerous trails which allow visitors to sample a variety of features.

     The American Northwest is another favorite vacation area for both residents and foreigners. The area has spectacular scenery, several national parks, and some fascinating cities. Here are descriptions of my favorite places in the region. Look for the photo album which will be coming soon.

 

    1. Olympic National Park, Washington

           Olympic National Park, in the northwestern corner of Washington, is a park with something for everyone. It has snow-capped mountains; it has wild, unspoiled beaches; it has eerie and unusual Temperate Rain Forests; and it has abundant wildlife because so much of the park is truly wilderness. The best way to visit is by car, a significant day trip from Seattle or, better, an overnight stay on the peninsula. Route 101 which loops around most of the park and allows access to the best sights, is, itself, around 300 kilometers (200 miles), so leave early and plan to be gone for the entire day.

           Hurricane Ridge in the northern area of the park offers views of striking snow-capped peaks and the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the north. There are a number of walking or hiking trails available as well.

           Ruby Beach, on the western edge of the park, is wild and strange, with its many sea stacks and driftwood. It’s not a beach for swimming, but just to stroll and admire the photogenic scenery or to explore tidal pools to observe the many small sea creatures which inhabit them, such as pacific coast sea anemones, sea urchins, and starfish.

           The Hoh Rain Forest, inland from the Ruby Beach area, invites the visitor to observe an extremely uncommon ecosystem, a temperate Rain Forest. Don’t be surprised if it rains during the visit, since this area gets 150 or so inches of rain (almost 400 cm) per year. This environment is characterized by mosses which drape the tree branches and give them an otherworldly look.

           Take the Hall of Mosses Trail, an easy self-guided walk, to experience the lush, eternally green Sitka Spruce Forest.

 

     2. Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

           Crater Lake National Park, in southern Oregon, contains America’s deepest lake (almost 700 meters or 2000 feet in depth) which is known around the world for its beautiful, deep blue color. The crater is actually the caldera of Mount Mazama which erupted about 7,700 years ago leaving this steep-sided bowl which eventually filled with water. A 53 km (33 mile) road (Rim Drive) encircles the lake and offers numerous overlooks and access to walking trails. Boat rides to Wizard Island, an attractive, conical land mass within the crater, are available during the summer season and leave hourly from Cleetwood Cove. However, access to the boat dock requires a very strenuous walk from the parking area.

           Head for “The Watchman” overlook for breathtaking views of the lake, Wizard Island, and the surrounding countryside.

 

     3. Seattle & Mount Rainier National Park, Washington

           Seattle, Washington is an exciting city in the northwestern corner of the USA. The waterfront area of the city is the location of the majority of tourist sights, although Seattle Center, a short distance from the harbor, also houses many attractions.

           The Space Needle, the symbol of Seattle, is located in Seattle Center, the remnants of the 1962 World’s Fair. It is 300 meters (605 feet) tall, with an observation deck at the 175 meter (520 feet) level. It provides the visitor with a dramatic, 360 degree panoramic view of the Seattle Skyline, Puget Sound, the Cascades, and the Olympic Mountains. There is also a revolving restaurant. In the area are several museums and other children’s activities. There is even a monorail which connects to other parts of the city.

           The Pioneer Square Historic District is an area of restored homes and businesses, rebuilt following Seattle’s great fire of 1889. There are numerous shops and restaurants.

           One of the most beloved attractions in Seattle is the Pike Place Market. It opened as a Farmer’s Market in 1907. It is still a popular destination for shoppers and curious tourists, as well as Seattle residents. The fish market is known for its workers who fling fish around as if they were footballs. The area has expanded to offer arts and crafts and flowers, as well as shops and restaurants. A short distance from the waterfront, pedestrians can take the Pike Place Hill Climb, a skywalk with elevators and stairs, to the market which has been transformed into a major tourist stop.

           Fans of the movie, Sleepless in Seattle, may want to have lunch at the “Athenian”, a restaurant in the Pike Place Market complex, which was featured in the movie, and which has tremendous views of Puget Sound, Elliott Bay and the Olympic Mountains, beyond.

           Sometimes there are special exhibits and programs at the observation deck of the Space Needle, such as aliens who frolic in and out of the framework.

           Be sure to taste the Rainier cherries, which are usually very expensive except in the area. They are fantastic!

           From the harbor, there are ferries to the Olympic Peninsula, some of the islands within Puget Sound, as well as harbor cruises and whale-watching boats, among others.

           Probably the most popular excursion from the city is southeast to Mount Rainier National Park. It forms a dramatic backdrop for the city when seen from the north or west and offers a comforting presence for both residents and visitors alike. Comforting may be a misleading word since Mt Rainier is an active volcano and certainly has the potential to devastate the Seattle-Tacoma area. However, scientists feel that warning signs will be detectable well before any eruption.

           The national park preserves the entire mountain and some of the surrounding area. Mount Rainier is snow-capped year round because of the many glaciers which cover the surface, and, although the glaciers seem to be receding, they are still extensive enough. There are several Visitor Centers and a number of entrances into the park. Information can be obtained about the activities of the day as well as weather conditions, etc. The mountain is frequently cloud-covered or fog-enshrouded so a visit may be a hit or miss thing. There are many walking trails, with varying levels of difficulty. Rainier is also a popular mountain-climbing destination. Check with the Park Service about permits.

           A lengthy but possible excursion from Seattle is to travel northeast to North Cascades National Park, in north-central Washington state, a wilderness park which preserves a portion of the Cascade Mountain Range, “America‘s Alps“. The area has been shaped by extensive glaciations and over 300 glaciers remain from the most recent Ice Age. Outdoor activities, such as hiking and camping are available. The only highway access within the park is SR 20, which is closed during the winter.

 

     4. Mount St Helens National Monument, Washington, & Portland, Oregon

           Mount St Helens National Volcanic Monument, located in southwestern Washington, preserves the area in and around the volcano which last erupted on May 18, 1980 in an incredible display of geology, blowing off the top 350 meter (1000 or so feet) of the summit of the mountain and much of the north face. Mud and lava flows devastated the surrounding area. Since the eruption, scientists have benefited from this living laboratory and have been able to study firsthand the extent of the destruction as well as the resiliency of the landscape to return. A visit to Mt St Helens awes the individual with how precarious and vulnerable life is to nature’s fury. The area around the base of the mountain still shows the scars. The dead trees of the forests are a testament to the power of the eruption. Yet, despite the carnage, the visitor can see signs that life is returning to the area. There are a number of observation areas and several Visitor Centers. Be aware that highway access is limited to secondary roads so travel times should be calculated conservatively.

           Probably the best place to stay in order to visit the monument is the delightful city of Portland, Oregon, located at the junction of the Columbia and Willamette Rivers, in the northwestern part of the state. It enjoys a picturesque setting near the base of Mount Hood, a snow-capped volcanic peak, just to the east. Portland became a Mecca for “hippies” and other alternative-living Americans, back in the 1960’s, and has retained an avant-garde lifestyle since then. One sees evidence of this heritage in the Portland Saturday Market (under the Burnside Bridge) and in the dress of some of the locals.

           In the western part of the city is Washington Park, which has several notable attractions. Here, the visitor will find the International Rose Test Gardens, which display row after row of beautiful roses, in various colors and varieties. Also in the vicinity, higher up on the hill, are the Japanese Gardens, an oasis of solitude and contemplation.

           The view from Washington Park’s Rose Garden of Portland’s skyline, with Mount Hood in the distance, is spectacular.

           Multnomah Falls & Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area are located east of Portland on the border between Oregon and Washington. The Historic Columbia River Highway offers access to the area’s attractions. Perhaps the most dramatic of these is Multnomah Falls, the highest waterfall in Oregon, and one of the highest in the United States, at 310 meters (620 feet). An interpretive center at the base of the falls provides information and displays regarding the entire area. There is a trail which allows access to the falls and a bridge which traverses the gorge created by the falls, about halfway up. This unusual situation provides some interesting photo opportunities.

 

    

    Peru is, first of all, associated with the Inca culture and civilization, and there are numerous reminders of this part of the country's history. It is also a country blessed with natural wonders. The Amazon River begins here; the Andes are extremely prominent. Below are my favorite UNESCO World Heritage Sites in this very important South American country. Check out the photos too.

 

    1. City of Cuzco (1983)

 

           

 

    2. Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu (1983)

 

         

 

    3. Historic Centre of Lima (1988)

 

         

 

    4. Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana (1994)

 

      

     Arizona and New Mexico occupy a very special place in the hearts and minds of tourists to America. These two states preserve a flavor of the Spanish influences which harken to a time when they were part of Mexico. They are also blessed with incredible natural wonders, prehistoric civilizations, and a desert landscape which is very different from other parts of the country. Below are my favorite sights in this exciting area. Check out the photo album which will soon follow.

 

     1. Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona

           Grand Canyon National Park is so beautiful and spectacular that people who see it have difficulty expressing themselves. Because the area is so huge (it can be seen from outer space) it defies description and is hard to capture adequately in photographs because of the immense scale. However, it is, without question, one of the most, if not the most, significant natural landscape on the planet and, for that reason, a must-see for all people of the world who value travel! It is basically a gigantic gash in the earth’s crust, carved by a river or successive rivers over millions of years. What today’s visitors see are layers of multi-colored sandstone lining the walls of the canyon and huge mesas and buttes rising from the depths to fill much of the space. At the bottom of it all is the thin, muddy Colorado River which winds its way through (it defies imagination to realize that this tiny river has helped to create this masterpiece although geologists know that it was significantly larger in the past).

          Considering the immensity of the Grand Canyon (over 300 km or 200 miles long, 16 km or 10 miles wide and a mile deep) the park area which can be visited is remarkably compact (only about 32 km or 20 miles long on both the North Rim (less accessible and less crowded) and the South Rim (the major visitor area and extremely crowded during the summer months).

          Looking down into the canyon means looking back over almost 2 billion years of earth history and is a geological bonanza for scientists. But the average person is unaware of that and is just able to appreciate the incredible beauty of the place.

          Different overlooks, such as Mather Point, Hopi Point and Grandview Point on both West Rim and East Rim Drive give the observer different views and even different perspectives on the canyon. There are many such overlooks, so be sure to check them all out.

          Try to be around until evening to see the area’s transformation as light diminishes and shadows creep across the abyss.

          See the IMAX presentation before heading to the viewing areas to better understand what can be seen.

          Bring lots of water, especially for a descent into the canyon. And do descend into the canyon either on foot or by mule to get a totally different perspective.

          A particularly good vantage point is from the top of the watchtower at Desert View.

          Acrophobics beware! The newest attraction at the canyon is a glass platform which protrudes 70 feet (24 meters) beyond the canyon rim and affords very unusual views of the canyon floor directly below. This attraction, called the Grand Canyon Skywalk, is located at the Hualapai Indian Reservation, which, unfortunately, is inconvenient to get to. Although only about 90 miles (150 kilometers) west of the South Rim Visitor Center, it requires a drive of almost 250 miles (400 kilometers) because of the lack of roads in the area. Once on the reservation, there is an additional 14 mile (20 kilometer) drive on windy, unpaved roads to reach the attraction. The tribe offers a variety of tour packages which include access to the skywalk. Don’t fret too much about the possibility of the glass breaking since it has been built to withstand over 70 million pounds of weight, winds of over 100 miles per hour, and an earthquake of magnitude 8.0. In addition, the number of visitors on the glass bridge is restricted to 120 at a time.

 

     2. Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico

          Carlsbad Caverns National Park is the premier cave destination in the world. Imagine descending over 250 meters (750 feet) into the dark depths, but finding lighted pathways through chambers of stalactites, stalagmites and many other formations. There are numerous tours offered, some of which are more strenuous, but reservations are a must during the busy summer season.

          The most popular tour is the Blue Tour which begins at the Visitor Center and descends into the cavern through its natural entrance. Be aware that this walk is fairly strenuous and includes numerous stairs.

          The Scenic Rooms, such as the King’s Palace, Queen’s Chamber, and the Papoose Room contain remarkably exquisite formations.

          There is even a post office, gift shop, and snack bar in the “Big Room”. Return to the surface is via elevator. Because the cave is a constant 55^o F, appropriate clothing is recommended.

          A Ranger-led tour is the best way to see the caverns since park rangers are usually extremely knowledgeable about the geology and ecology of the area and are happy to answer questions.

         Every evening from late spring to early autumn, there is a Ranger talk and viewing of the daily exodus of hundreds of thousands of bats from their roosting sites inside the cave. The National Park has created an amphitheater to facilitate the viewing and to discuss the natural history of these fascinating mammals.

         For those visitors in the region for several days, an interesting excursion from Carlsbad is to travel northwest to White Sands National Monument, an extensive area of pure white gypsum sand located near Alamogordo, New Mexico. Dunes Drive affords the visitor access to the area.

         For truly different and unusual excursion, travel north from Carlsbad to Roswell, New Mexico, which is world-famous for its supposed UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) sightings, dating back to a reported UFO crash in 1947. Aliens are portrayed everywhere in the area.

 

     3. Monument Valley, Arizona

          Monument Valley Navaho Tribal Park, which straddles the border between Arizona and Utah represents the classic southwestern landscape made famous in the movies of John Ford and others. It is sacred Indian territory so access is limited, however, up-close views of these vertical mesas and buttes rising from the valley floor are beautiful and inspiring, not to mention nostalgic if you remember these old Westerns. Guided or self-guiding tours are available from the Visitor Center. Be aware that the roads in the park are not paved.

          The Mittens are the classic image of this landscape but visitors will encounter many other distinctively-shaped rocks, most with interesting and descriptive names.

          Check out postcards of the area before you enter the park and try to duplicate some of these views when traveling through the area.

 

     4. Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Arizona

          Rainbow Bridge National Monument is located in a remote section of Lake Powell, a watershed along the border of Utah and Arizona, created by the erection of the Glen Canyon Dam. It is the largest natural arch in the world, almost 100 meters (300 feet) tall and 90 meters (275 feet) wide. Because it is in a fairly inaccessible area, the best way to visit is by boat, from the Wahweap Marina in Page, Arizona. The boat trip is pleasant, because the canyon scenery is beautiful, but long (about 80 km or 50 miles), at least a four-hour round trip. The arch area is sacred Indian territory, so visitors are requested not to walk under or around the arch. However, they may disembark for a short while to admire the scenery and take pictures. It is a spectacular sight.

          Lake Powell and the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area include the extensive area created by the construction of the Glen Canyon Dam. Following the completion of the dam, it took 14 years to fill the 180 mile long lake. An incredible variety of water activities are available here, including cruises to Rainbow Bridge (see above). The major entrance to the area is via Page, Arizona, although the recreation area extends into Utah.

 

     5. Sante Fe & Taos Pueblo, New Mexico

          Taos Pueblo is located in Northern New Mexico, on a broad plateau at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Its dramatic setting, near the source of the Rio Grande River, is probably responsible for its longevity, the oldest continuously inhabited community in the United States. The Pueblo is still inhabited even though there is no electricity or central heat. Taos Pueblo was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Guided tours are informative. Many of the tribal members sell crafts and trinkets for income.

          At the other end of the High Road to Taos, a legendary scenic drive in this part of the country, is Santa Fe, New Mexico, the oldest capital city in the US and the second oldest city. The city’s pride in southwestern culture is evident in its architecture. The Old Town is remarkably well preserved and is ideal for walking. Many artists have been attracted to the area so there is an abundance of art galleries and craft shops.

          The Palace of the Governors, on one side of the main square, is now a museum, and native Americans display their wares on blankets along the front of the building. San Miguel Mission is one of the many, lovely churches in the city.

          In Santa Fe, visit the Loretto Chapel to appreciate a local legend. Inside the chapel is a “miraculous” spiral staircase with no visible support beams or nails, built by a transient carpenter who left as soon as he was done, without asking for payment and without giving his name. He accomplished all this with only a T-square, a hammer, a saw, and a tub for bending water-softened wood. The chapel itself is lovely and frequently the scene of weddings.

 

     6. Meteor Crater, Arizona

           Meteor Crater, just off Interstate 40 near Winslow, Arizona, is the most accessible crater of its type on the planet. It was formed 50,000 years ago, as a result of an asteroid or meteor impact, in what must have been a catastrophic event. The resulting crater is nearly 1.6 kilometers (one mile) across and almost 200 meters (600 feet) deep. The Visitor Center provides information about the crater and access to it. Because of its similarity to a lunar landscape, some of the early astronauts received training here prior to the United States’ voyages to the moon.

 

     7. Saguaro National Monument, Tucson, Arizona

           Saguaro National Park is composed of two separate districts. One (Rincon Mountain) is just east of Tucson while the other (Tucson Mountain) is just west of the city. These two locations preserve stands of the Saguaro cactus which grows only in this general area. The eastern district is larger and offers a 13 km (8-mile) scenic loop drive. Both areas have numerous walking trails which identify the various cactus species encountered. Watch out for rattlesnakes along the trails!

           While in Tucson, an interesting side trip lies southeast in Tombstone, Arizona, a town with one of the more notorious reputations in the history of the American West. The town began as a mining camp, but is much better known for the classic gunfight between the Earps and the Clantons at the OK Corral. Even today, there is a daily reenactment (at 2:00 PM) of the shootout on the original site.

           Also of interest in the town is Boot Hill Graveyard, Crystal Palace, one the most elaborate saloons in the West, and the Bird Cage Theater, a saloon and dance hall with a sordid reputation.

           Just outside the city of Tucson is San Xavier del Bac (the “White Dove of the Desert”), an Indian church which exemplifies Spanish mission architecture. It is striking because of its location, standing alone in a desolate landscape, and for its detail, both inside and outside. Inside the church is a continuously running video which discusses the building and which also solicits donations.

 

     8. Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona

           Petrified Forest National Park is located in Eastern Arizona, just off and straddling Interstate 10. This park preserves many excellent examples of petrified wood, trees which have been buried, mineralized, and subsequently uplifted. The park also contains colorful badlands known as the Painted Desert. This striking landscape extends beyond the boundaries of the park. The 45 km (28-mile) scenic drive through the park offers many opportunities for stopping to observe and take pictures of the geological features. In addition there are numerous trails for walking to get up-close and personal.

           There are numerous, excellent overlooks which are well-marked along the drive. Particularly beautiful spots include Kachina Point and Pintado Point.

           While in Petrified Forest National Park, take the short but impressive Giant Logs Trail near the Rainbow Forest Museum to see some great specimens of petrified wood.

           Another eastern Arizona attraction which can be conveniently combined with a trip to the Petrified Forest is Canyon de Chelly National Park, near Chinle, AZ. It preserves an area inhabited by Native Americans from possibly as long ago as 2500 B.C. to the present. The park, which is near the New Mexico border, in northeastern Arizona, can be accessed from both states. Scenic drives are found along both sides of the canyon and offer overlooks at the ruins. Descent into the ruins requires accompaniment by a Park Ranger or an authorized guide, except for one self-guiding trail from the White House Overlook to the White House Ruin. Other ruins include Antelope House, Standing Cow, and Mummy Cave.

 

    9. Albuquerque & Chaco Culture National Historic Site, New Mexico

           Chaco Culture National Historical Park preserves the ruins of American Indian habitations dating back to the 9th century. Access to the park, off the highway, is via a 34 km (21 mile) road, much of which is unpaved. However, the visitor who braves the journey is rewarded with extensive Native American ruins, some of which are remarkably well preserved. Take a self-guided tour or a ranger-narrated one and plan to do a lot of walking. Pueblo Bonito, the largest of the great houses, had, at its peak, more than 600 rooms and 40 kivas and was four stories high.

           The most convenient base of operations for a visit to the park, and a destination in its own right, is Albuquerque, New Mexico. Its Old Town is a classic Colonial, Spanish town, with flat-roofed, adobe buildings, a central plaza, bordered by a church and government and other buildings. It is easily walkable and offers several museums as well as the ubiquitous shops and restaurants. The city of Albuquerque is a thriving metropolis and offers every available service, so it makes a great starting point for an exploration of a variety of western New Mexico and eastern Arizona attractions.

           The Route 66 Historic Highway, also known as “The Mother Road”, and “Main Street, America”, was built to connect Chicago, Illinois, with Los Angeles, California, and provided a major route to the West for desperate families from the East and Midwest during the depression. The road was made more famous by a 1960’s television series and a song, recorded by Nat King Cole. Little of the old road still exists, because of the interstate highway system, but the areas that remain offer a nostalgic glimpse of the past. Probably the best preserved section runs through the city of Albuquerque and contains several good examples of vintage landmarks, such as the KiMo Theater (423 Central Ave, N.W.) and the gas station at 2455 Isleta Blvd.

 

    10. Red Rock Canyon & Sedona, Arizona

           Red Rock Canyon, a combination of Red Rock State Park and Oak Creek Canyon, refers to the area around Sedona, Arizona. Because of its dramatic scenery, it has been used for many years as a setting for movies and television ads. The area is just off Interstate 17, north of Phoenix and is accessed via Route 89A off the interstate. A stop in the town of Sedona, an artist and “new age” haven, is worth the extra time. Cathedral Rock is one of most recognized spots along the drive.

 

    

    The central Rockies include the states of Colorado, Utah and Nevada. There is a great diversity of spectacular scenery in the many National Parks of this region, plus some interesting urban areas, as well. Check out my favorites below and then look for the photo album which will soon follow.

 

    1. Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado

           Mesa Verde National Park, located in the southwestern corner of Colorado, is the premier Native American archeological sight in the USA. The highlights for most visitors are the striking cliff dwellings which date back to about 1200 AD. These are stone communities in the alcoves of the sheer walls of the canyons which probably housed over 100 people (Cliff Palace).

           Mesa Verde is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is recognized the world over for its cultural and historic importance. There is great mystery here, since the culture that built the dwellings disappeared in the late 1200’s and little is known about why they left or where they went.

           Note that the Far View Visitor Center is 15 miles (23 kilometers) from the park entrance. It offers information about the park and daily activities which are available.

           The most important attractions are Cliff Palace, Balcony House, and Spruce Tree House. Keep in mind that descent into the ruins is only possible on a Ranger-led tour and these may involve steep paths, stairs, and metal ladders.

           Cliff Palace, one of the most popular of the cliff dwellings, requires a ticket for a Ranger-guided tour (worth whatever is charged) which takes visitors into the cliff dwelling to discover the intricacies of its construction and the uses of its various sections.

           Stop at the overlooks along Ruins Road in Mesa Verde for scenic views of the dwellings and the canyons.

           A great base of operation for an exploration of the park is Durango, Colorado. This quintessential western town had its heyday during the gold and silver booms, but now serves as a gateway to several spectacular tourist areas. The downtown area has many Victorian buildings which herald its earlier prominence and the town still hosts rodeos as a reminder of its cowboy days.

          The road, US 550, which runs from Durango to Silverton, CO, is known as the Million Dollar Highway for its breathtaking views of the San Juan Mountains which it traverses. For those who are afraid to drive the winding, cliff side route, the Durango-Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad offers a different way to experience these precipitous mountains. It is about a 9-hour round trip.

        

    2. Las Vegas, Nevada

          Las Vegas is one of the most exciting locales in the world. Many casinos vie for the tourist dollar by enticing them with both free and fee attractions. This is truly a place that never sleeps! Whether it is the water show at the Bellagio, or the “Battle at Buccaneer Bay” at Treasure Island, or shopping at the forum at Caesar’s Palace, or taking a gondola ride at the Venetian, Vegas has something for everyone, even those not into gambling. The nightly shows are tremendous, with semi-permanent top performers, such as Celene Dion, or Danny Gans, or Cirque de Soleil and, occasionally, famous guest performers. Each casino has tried to outdo its competition with beautiful and authentic venues. Examples include various Parisian monuments like the Eiffel Tower and the Arc d’Triomphe at the Paris, a huge Egyptian-style pyramid at the Luxor, a tall monolith topped with an amusement park at the Stratosphere.

         Be sure to walk up and down the Strip to check out all the major hotels and their particular theme (the lobbies and interiors of some are spectacular). Another characteristic of Las Vegas hotels is to offer huge, elaborate, and reasonably-priced buffets, which are extremely popular with tourists.

         The Freemont Street Experience is a laser-light show projected above this pedestrian street in the old part of Las Vegas. It transfixes observers with its incredible colors and action. While here, check out some of the casinos which dominated the scene before the Strip became the Mecca of the area.

         Hoover Dam, located about 30 miles (48 km) from Las Vegas, is an imposing monument to man’s ability to modify his own environment. The Dam created Lake Mead when it was completed in 1936 and is still recognized as one of the greatest public works projects of all time. See the orientation video at the Visitor Center, then take a tour of the facility. Do visit the Hoover Dam and take the tour! The “Hard Hat” tour is worth the extra money.

         Unless the visitor has never been out West before, don’t bother to visit Red Rock Canyon. It’s nothing spectacular!

 

    3. Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah

          Bryce Canyon National Park, in Utah, is a fantasy land of shapes and colors. The visitor looks down, or walks down, into a bowl of spires, called hoodoos. Each hoodoo is layered with colors, primarily red, orange, yellow, brown, and white, and rises from the amphitheater below in weird shapes or formations. Most of these pillars are narrow and fingerlike, but others are wide, forming small buttes. The colors change over the course of the day, due to shadows and lighting, but the views are always spectacular.

          Ride along the rim road stopping at each of the overlooks to appreciate all areas of the park. Particularly beautiful views are found at Inspiration Point, Rainbow Point, Bryce Point, and Fairyland Point.

          While in Bryce Canyon National Park, hike at least one of the park’s trails to get an up-close and personal look at the hoodoos, and a different perspective on the area. Many trails are fairly strenuous because of the elevation changes as you descend into the amphitheater, but there are easy trails as well.

          Not far from Bryce to the south lies Capitol Reef National Park which is located just off Highway 12 in Utah, a beautiful scenic drive in its own right. The park preserves a dramatic section of the Waterpocket Fold, a noticeable uplift which extends approximately 160 km (100 miles) in total. The park roads traverse a very scenic section of the Fold, and trails from the road give access to other areas of the park.

          In Capitol Reef, take the Capitol Gorge Trail, a fairly easy walk which provides access to an interesting area where pioneers camped and left their names and short philosophies on the rocks of the canyon.

 

    4. Zion National Park, Utah

          Zion National Park, in Utah, is a another monument to the forces of erosion and their effect on the landscape. The difference between Zion and other parks such as the Grand Canyon, is that here, the visitor is at the bottom of the canyon, looking up at all the creations. The park, as its name suggests, has a religious theme since it was discovered by Mormons who applied various religious epithets to the park’s landmarks. A shuttle service operates to reduce or eliminate traffic on the Zion Canyon Scenic Drive, the most popular part of the park.

          Zion Canyon is the most spectacular and most frequented area with prominent features such as, the Great White Throne, the Three Patriarchs, Angel’s Landing, etc., greeting the visitor at every bend of the 5 1/2 mile (8 kilometer) scenic drive.

          Walk the trails to Weeping Rock and to Emerald Pool for some different types of terrain and environments.

          Other parts of the park require motor travel. For instance, the Zion-Mount Carmel Highway, which cuts across the southern part of the park, is a state highway and frequently congested because of through traffic. The highway allows access to some very different and unusual landscapes. This area is characterized by smooth, sculpted mounds, interspersed with evergreen trees, known as checkerboard mesas. Geologically, this area was once a series of sand dunes which have now been transformed into rock.

          Another area of the park (Kolob Canyons) is accessible via Interstate 15 (about 50 miles from the Zion Canyon Visitor Center). A five mile (8 kilometer) scenic drive provides spectacular views of red sandstone cliffs surrounding a verdant valley -- very beautiful. This area, because it is isolated from the major area of the park has considerably less traffic and crowds.

 

     5. Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

          Rocky Mountain National Park includes a portion of the front range of the Rocky Mountains. Mountain scenery is spectacular as Trail Ridge Road leaves Estes, Colorado, and rises to the Continental Divide (an imaginary line which pertains to the movement of rivers -- rivers to the east of the divide travel to the Atlantic or Gulf of Mexico, rivers to the west travel to the Pacific) and beyond. Notable locations on the highway include Berthoud Pass and Grand Lake. Wildlife sightings are usually frequent.

          The Colorado Rockies area, just west of Denver, offers a variety of year-round activities, besides those already described in Rocky Mountain National Park. Golden is the location of the Coors Brewing Company. Boulder is the home of the University of Colorado and its setting, at the base of the Rockies, is truly spectacular. The area is very popular with rock-climbers. Leadville, which prospered because of its silver mines, is interesting to visit because its looks very much like it did during its mining days.

           Aspen, Colorado is one of America’s foremost ski areas. The town, nestled in the Rocky Mountains was once a premier location for mining silver, but has now been transformed into a resort area in the winter, and attracts many of the rich and famous as well as snow buffs from all over the world.

           Vail, Colorado, like Aspen, is one of the nation’s premier skiing areas. Vail has the look and feel of an alpine village and offers activities throughout the year to capitalize on its reputation.

           An interesting day trip while in the area is to head 65 miles (105 kilometers) north of Denver, to Fort Collins, where numerous companies offer white water rafting trips on the Cache la Poudre River. Be sure to make reservations in advance, since these excursions are extremely popular.

 

     6. Air Force Academy & Colorado Springs, Colorado

           The United States Air Force Academy, just north of Colorado Springs, Colorado, is located in the foothills of the Rockies. Besides the opportunity to see military cadets engaged in various activities, the Academy grounds include a static display of aircraft and a beautiful chapel, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, which is both futuristic and solemn.

           Also in the Colorado Springs area is Pike’s Peak which has a certain mystique, even though it is only one of Colorado’s many mountains which tower over 14,000 feet (4,500 meters). Perhaps the allure has to do with the fact that it was here, at the top of the mountain, that Katherine Lee Bates was inspired to write the words of the song, America the Beautiful in 1893.

           The main allure these days is the 30 km (19-mile) highway to the top which offers spectacular views along the way as well as at the summit. Understand that the drive is challenging because of the many hairpin turns and because of the elevation which frequently leaves visitors breathless. Actually, the downward trip may be more dangerous because of the excessive braking which may cause brake linings to overheat. National park rangers actually conduct a brake inspection on the downward journey and frequently ask visitors to pause for a while to allow their brakes to cool down.

           Garden of the Gods State Park, located at the base of Pike’s Peak, near the city of Colorado Springs, has numerous, multi-colored, unusual rock formations, such as Balanced Rock and Kissing Camels. It is a Mecca for mountain climbers, since the sheer faces of the formations can assist in preparation for more formidable climbs elsewhere.

 

     7. Arches National Park, Utah

           Arches National Park preserves the largest number of natural stone arches in America. The park roads lead the visitor near many of the most well-known arches, but, in many cases, walks or hikes are necessary to get close or to see some of the more remote ones.

           Delicate Arch is one of the major attractions but other arches and more dramatic scenery can be found throughout the park.

           While in the vicinity of the national park, there are several possible excursions that can be taken. One involves traveling northeast into Colorado to visit the Colorado National Monument, in western Colorado, an area of canyons more than 200 meters (600 feet) deep. A scenic drive, Rim Rock Drive, allows access to some of the park’s notable features and also provides overlooks. Access to the monument is available from Fruita, Utah or Grand Junction, CO.

           Another nearby attraction is Canyonlands National Park, in southeastern Utah, which preserves an area of river gorges and unusual rock formations carved by the Green and the Colorado Rivers. The park is huge and is actually divided into several districts, with separate access. The two most accessible sections are the Island in the Sky District, northwest of Moab, UT, on SR 313, and the Needles District, southwest of Moab, on SR 211. There are spectacular overlooks and numerous trails to explore.

 

     8. Temple Square, Salt Lake City, Utah

          Temple Square in Salt Lake City is a huge area which is owned and managed by the Mormon Church (the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) and includes many buildings sacred to members of this religion. The Church provides guides who will escort visitors throughout the complex. The Tabernacle (where the world-famous Mormon Tabernacle Choir performs) is one of the noteworthy stops on the tour. The tour guide usually demonstrates the excellent acoustics of the auditorium by having someone whisper or drop a pin at the front while the group listens at the back. The Seagull Monument also tells an interesting tale, and the Temple itself, although closed to the public has an impressive exterior. Be prepared to endure the obligatory recruitment talk, but the attraction is worthwhile, nevertheless.

 

    9. Lake Tahoe, Nevada/California

         Lake Tahoe, which straddles the border between California and Nevada, is a year-round vacationland which combines magnificent scenery with winter (skiing) and summer (boating and swimming) sports activities as well as gambling casinos. There are numerous resorts around the large, deep lake with its crystal blue waters. Scenic drives are available on all sides of the lakeshore.

         Also in the vicinity is Reno, Nevada, another area popular because of gambling. The city is ablaze with neon lights at night and bills itself as the “Biggest Little City in the World” with a huge, lighted, neon sign to prove it.

 

    10. Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado/Utah

         Dinosaur National Monument straddles the border between Colorado and Utah and preserves an area rich in fossilized dinosaurs. Some of the more spectacular specimens unearthed here are on display in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, in Pittsburgh, PA.

         Park Headquarters is in Colorado, and allows access, via a paved park road to a scenic series of canyons carved by the Green and Yampa Rivers.

         More popular is the Dinosaur Quarry Visitor Center, in the Utah section of the park, just north of Jensen, UT, which gives visitors the opportunity to see partial excavations of dinosaur bones in place.

 

    11. Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, Colorado

         Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, near Montrose in west-central Colorado, preserves a 20 km (12 mile) section of the Gunnison River gorge, which is almost 3000 feet (1000 meters) deep. The South Rim is more accessible because of its proximity to major highways, but the North Rim can also be explored via a partially paved and partially gravel road from Crawford, CO.

 

     Germany is a marvelous country to visit. Since it historically dates back to the Roman Empire, there are many World Heritage Sites. Some are obviously more recent, as well, since Germany is a varied land with much to offer the tourist. Sit back and enjoy my favorite World Heritage-designated locations and their photos as well.

 

    1. Aachen Cathedral (1978)

 

       

 

    2. Wurzburg Residenz with the Court Gardens and Residence Square (1981)

 

              

 

    3. Pilgrimage Church of Wies (1983)

 

            

 

    4. Palaces and Parks of Berlin (1990)

 

        

 

    5. Town of Bamberg (1993)

 

        

 

    6. Cologne Cathedral (1996)

 

        

 

    7. Upper Middle Rhine Valley (2002)

 

                

    8. Old Town of Regensburg (2006)

 

           

 

      

     Egypt is famous as the center of the Egyptian Civilization, a culture which dominated the region for thousands of years. It is fortunate that there are so many remnants from this period, and UNESCO was quick to list many of these places as World Heritage Sites. I have listed my favorites below along with a few photos.

 

    1. Memphis and its Necropolis -- the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahsur (1979)

 

              

 

       

 

    2. Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis (1979)

 

              

 

       

 

    3. Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae (1979)

 

             

 

    4. Islamic Cairo (1979)

 

              

    Brazil is the largest country in South America and is also the most populous. It is blessed with quite a few natural wonders, especially the world's largest river, the Amazon. UNESCO has rewarded the people of Brazil by designating a number of locations World Heritage Sites. Here are my favorites, along with photos to entice you to include this country in your travel plans for the future.

 

     1. Historic Town of Ouro Preto (1980)

 

        

 

     2. Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia (1985)

 

           

 

     3. Iguacu National Park (1986)

 

               

 

     4. Brasilia (1987)

 

            

 

     5. Central Amazon Conservation Complex (2000)

 

            

 

     6. Pantanal Conservation Area (2000)

 

         

     India is an ancient country, characterized by incredible wealth at various times in its history. In addition, the country is large and blessed with numerous natural wonders as well as unusual wildlife. For all these reasons, there are numerous World Heritage Sites in this fascinating country. Check out my favorites below, along with associated photos.

 

    1. Ajanta Caves (1983)

 

              

 

    2. Ellora Caves (1983)

 

            

 

    3. Agra Fort (1983)

 

           

 

    4. Taj Mahal (1983)

 

                 

 

    5. Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)

 

             

 

    6. Fatehpur Sikri (1986)

 

       

 

    7. Humayun's Tomb, Delhi (1993)

 

       

 

    8. Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi (1993)

 

          

 

    9. Red Fort (2007)

 

       

     This category highlights the beginning of the West for a traveler from the East. Some of these states are not actually in the Rockies, but they foretell what is to come further westward and begin the sense of vastness and grandeur which characterizes the American West. The states that I have included here are South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming. There are numerous National Parks in this group and the scenery is absolutely incredible. Check out my photo album which will follow tomorrow.

 

    1. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

         Yellowstone National Park is not only America’s first national park, but is probably the premier national park in the US. It combines dramatic scenery, exemplified by the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, with incredible thermal areas, e.g. Old Faithful, and a great variety of wildlife which is extremely accessible to visitors. The park consists of two circular routes (a northern, 112 km or 70 mile loop, and a southern, 150 km or 96 mile loop) which meet and share a common east-west road across the middle of the park. Each of the loop roads requires at least a day, so a minimum stay in the area should last two full days (keep in mind that it is better to stay longer to allow more time at the various sights). Yellowstone requires a considerable amount of walking in order to fully appreciate the thermal and scenic areas since many of the sights are along trails or elevated boardwalks above the thermal areas and are some distance from the roads.

         There are numerous must sees in the park. The following is a list of the major sights.

            Old Faithful geyser (in the Upper Geyser Basin, the largest concentration of geysers in the world) is the unofficial symbol of the park. It is called Old Faithful because it reliably erupts every 78 minutes on average and its eruptions spray heated water over 100 feet in the air.

            The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone (at Canyon Village) offers views of yellow, orange, red and white canyon walls above the blue-green Yellowstone River, 330 meters (1000 feet) below. Yellowstone Falls, at one end of the canyon, adds more beauty to the scene. Stop at the various overlooks, such as Artist Point and Inspiration Point, to get different perspectives.

            Mammoth Hot Springs (in the northernmost region of the park) features colorful terraces of superheated water flowing over a kind of limestone called travertine. The end result is a colorful (shades of white, yellow, cocoa, and pink), steaming staircase.

            Norris Geyser Basin includes Steamboat Geyser, the world’s tallest, among others as well as colorful (shades of blue, yellow, orange and green) pools and other thermal features.

            Wildlife, such as, Bison, Elk, Bears, Wolves, etc, are common throughout the park (although wolves are seldom seen near the populated areas) so be prepared to stop at traffic jams which begin as soon as significant wildlife is spotted, because people just stop their cars in the middle of the road to take pictures and to watch. Instead of getting upset, just relax and enjoy the experience.

            Fountain Paint Pot (in the Lower Geyser Basin area) is extremely different from the other thermal features and is interesting and entertaining. Here multi-colored mud boils and spouts.

         Many other attractions are spread throughout the huge park. There are numerous walking trails which lead to waterfalls, other thermal areas, etc.

         Cody, Wyoming, is a town which recalls the days of cowboys and shoot-outs. It was founded by William “Buffalo Bill” Cody, hence the name, in 1896. Memorabilia of the founder and the period are found at various sites in the town. Check them out especially if intrigued or interested in the Old West. Cody is also the eastern gateway to Yellowstone National Park.

         West Yellowstone, Montana is the western gateway and is another quaint, little town with a western flair.

         An interesting and memorable experience is to take a swim in the Firehole River, a cold, mountain stream which is warmed considerably as it travels through the thermal areas, becoming comfortably warm. Access is just off Lower Loop Road, just south of Madison (check with a Ranger at any of the Visitor Centers to get more specific directions and to make sure swimming is still permitted).

 

    2. Mount Rushmore and the Black Hills of South Dakota

          Mount Rushmore National Memorial is truly impressive and inspirational, especially for Americans. It consists of four (4) American presidents sculpted out of a massive granite cliff. The heads of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt are all 20 meters (60 feet) tall and can be viewed from across a valley. The sculpture is floodlit at night so is particularly beautiful after dark. The Visitor Center offers a film about the carving of the sculptures, and Gutzon Borghum’s workshop, accessible via a trail from the viewing area, displays some of the tools used and models of the construction. It took Borghum and his crew 14 years to complete the project.

          A nearby attraction which will surely impress visitors is Badlands National Park which lies just south of Interstate 90, east of Mount Rushmore, in the western part of South Dakota. It preserves acres and acres of colorful stratified clay deposits. The area is accessible via the Badlands Loop Road which offers numerous viewpoints to observe the unusual landscape.

          The Crazy Horse Memorial on US Route 16/385, just north of Custer, South Dakota, will eventually be the world’s largest sculpture, with a height of 190 meters (562 feet) and a length of 215 meters (641 feet), when it is completed. Work was begun in 1948. As of today, the face of the Indian Chief is completed while work on his horse continues.

          Custer State Park with its dramatic Needles Highway (State Route 87) is one of the premier state parks in the United States. It offers access to the Black Hills area of South Dakota and its abundant wildlife, including a large herd of bison.

          The Needles Highway, a dramatic and interesting scenic drive, is a 22 km (14-mile) trip through unusual granite spires of rock. There are several narrow tunnels, and hairpin turns so large vehicles must use extreme caution. Vistas of the Black Hills are available at pullouts along the drive.

          Deadwood, South Dakota, west of Mount Rushmore, is a former gold rush boom town and cowboy town turned gambling Mecca. Deadwood is the last resting place of Wild Bill Hickok, one of the West’s most colorful gunfighters, who was killed during a poker game in Deadwood, in the year 1876. There are several museums and other venues which celebrate and vilify his notorious past.

          Wind Cave National Park, in the Black Hills of South Dakota, preserves a natural, underground, limestone cavern whose name derives from the strong winds which blow into and out of the cave at various times, due to atmospheric pressure differences. Visitors may choose between a number of Ranger-led cave tours, based on how strenuous they are and their length. The Garden of Eden Tour is probably the least exerting and lasts approximately 1 hour.

 

     3. Grand Teton National Park & Jackson Hole, Wyoming

          Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole, Wyoming combine to create an area of great scenic beauty, just south of Yellowstone National Park (see #1 above). Follow Routes 89 and 191 which wind parallel to the Teton range and afford excellent views of these majestic mountains, among the youngest on the continent, south from Yellowstone or north from the town of Jackson. They are probably the most photographed mountains in the US because they seem to jut skyward abruptly from the valley (Jackson Hole) below.

          Be sure to check out the views of the Teton range from the John D Rockefeller Memorial Drive (Routes 89 & 191) and/or from Teton Park Road, which runs parallel to the highways. There are great photo opportunities at the Snake River Overlook, on Routes 26,89,191 and also at Oxbow Bend which lies between Jackson Lake Junction and Moran Junction.

          The town of Jackson has become a destination in itself, due to its scenic location as well the ambiance of an upscale cowboy town, complete with hundreds of discarded elk antlers. There are numerous activities in the vicinity, including horse-back riding, skiing in winter, white-water rafting, and float trips along the Snake River, which flows through the park. Numerous Dude Ranches compete for the tourist’s attention.

          Walk the wooden sidewalks the town of Jackson and check out the cowboy and other finery in the shops along the street. The village recalls the quintessential old west.

 

    4. Glacier National Park, Montana

          Glacier National Park is located in Northern Montana and is associated with Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta, Canada, the two together comprising Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, an interesting concept involving cooperation of two separate countries to preserve an area of exceptional beauty. The area is, of course, known for its glaciers (which, by the way, are receding significantly), but there are other attractions, such as, wildlife, lakes, hiking trails, etc.

          Going-to-the-Sun Road, a spectacular 50 mile (80 kilometer) scenic drive, bisects the park and offers breath-taking vistas throughout. Stop at the Logan Pass Visitor Center, roughly halfway across, at the Continental Divide, for information and access to several trails. Nearby, the road hugs the cliffs of deep, steep valleys allowing unobstructed views of mountains and glaciers. Be on the lookout for Rocky Mountain Goats which are quite common at the high altitudes. There are many other hiking trails but few other roads.

          The two major lakes of the park, Saint Mary Lake, on the eastern side of Going-to-the-Sun Road, and Lake McDonald, on the western side, offer aquatic activities.

 

    5. Devil's Tower National Monument, Wyoming

          Devil’s Tower is a huge monolith rising above the landscape of Eastern Wyoming. It has long been a sacred place to Native American tribes (as a matter of fact, their legend about how Devil’s Tower was formed is much more interesting than the scientific explanation). The location was featured in the movie, “Close Encounters of the Third Kind”. Devil’s Tower was also the United States’ first national monument.

          The sight of the monument is extremely dramatic, since there is no other relief in the vicinity. It rises precipitously 870 feet (almost 300 meters) above the plain. Take the short hike from the Visitor Center to get close to the ancient volcanic remains for a different perspective or take the Tower Trail which circles the monolith.

          The monument is obviously also popular with mountain-climbers. They can be seen frequently, dangling from the sheer rock.

          Stop on the road leading to the Monument to observe an active Prairie Dog village. The kids will love it!

 

    6. Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota

          Theodore Roosevelt National Park, located in the badlands of North Dakota, is basically a tribute to its namesake, the United States’ most conservation-minded president. The parklands were sculpted primarily by the Little Missouri River, which scoured the sandstone, leaving colorful layers of soil. The wildlife of the park consists of American Bison, Pronghorn Antelope, and many other grazers, as well as predators such as the coyote and bobcat. The park consists of two separate areas, a South Unit, near Medora, ND, and a North Unit, south of Watford City. They are about 1 hour apart by car.

 

    7. Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho

          Craters of the Moon is a large, basaltic lava field which contains cinder cones, and other features reminiscent of volcanic activity. It is the largest lava field in the United States. There is a Visitor Center and a paved 7-mile loop road, besides the many trails and vistas.

     The Midwest is fairly bleak as far as tourist attractions go, which is why I have included so many states in this entry. There are a few bright spots, however, and they have been highlighted below. The states I have considered here include Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas. Look for a photo album showing several of these locations, soon.

 

     1. San Antonio, Texas

           The Alamo and the Paseo del Rio are San Antonio, Texas’ major attractions. The Alamo is an old, Spanish mission which was the scene of a famous battle in the fight for Texas’ independence from Mexico. The Alamo is an inspiration to Texans and to all men and women because of the dedication and spirit of the 189 men (including Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie) who gave their lives here in 1836.

           The Paseo del Rio (Riverwalk) was part of a city revitalization effort that became famous because it actually worked. The 2 ½ mile (4 kilometer) area along the San Antonio River has been transformed into a charming and exciting venue for strolling, shopping, dining, and many other activities. It is especially attractive at night when the lighting produces an aura of romance. River taxis and dining cruises ply the waters at all times of the day and night.

            Before a visit to the Alamo, see the Imax theater presentation, “The Price of Freedom” which chronicles and dramatizes the events surrounding the battle.

 

     2. Gateway Arch, St Louis, Missouri

            Gateway Arch, a gleaming stainless steel structure on the St Louis side of the Mississippi River, commemorates America’s 19th century westward expansion. It rises 210 meters (630 feet) and dominates the river’s edge and the St Louis skyline as westbound travelers cross the Mississippi. A memorial to Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark is also found on the site, as well as several theaters in the Visitor Center.

             Take the tram, a small cocoon-like pod which transports visitors to the top of the arch, where sixteen small windows offer views of the Mississippi River and the city of St Louis.

             While in St Louis, take a beautiful photo from west from the Arch, framing the Old Courthouse under its curvature.

 

     3. Big Bend National Park, Texas

             Big Bend National Park is located in southwestern Texas, on the border with Mexico, where the Rio Grande River forms a noticeable “bend”. The park is huge and contains both mountain and desert habitats. Probably the best way to see the features of the park is to drive the 300 kilometers (almost 200 miles) from Marathon, Texas, south on Rte 385 into and through the park, then north on Rte 118 to Alpine. There are several side roads available within the park and hiking trails abound, so plan on an entire day.

 

     4. Cowboy Hall of Fame, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

             The National Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, showcases the era of westward expansion in America, and some of its major characters. American Indian life is also exhibited, as well as thousands of artifacts and memorabilia. Highlights include the Rodeo Hall of Fame, the Western Art Gallery, which includes the work of famous American artists, such as Frederic Remington, and the Visions of the West gallery, which includes an authentic replica of a street in the Old West.

 

     5. Branson, Missouri

            Branson, Missouri, provides an excellent example of the old adage, “build it and they will come”. Here is an area which has little to recommend it, but which has become a tourism Mecca. The growth spawned by its initial popularity has produced a plethora of attractions in a very small area. The major theme is music, and there are over 30 music theaters which attract the very best entertainers. Besides these theaters, numerous other types of activities have also sprung up to give visitors an incredible variety of choices. For instance, Marvel Cave allows access to an underground cave system. Silver Dollar City is basically a theme park/amusement park combo. There are boat rides and many other water activities available on the man-made lake and other waterways.

 

      6. Scott's Bluff National Historic Site, Nebraska

           Scott’s Bluff National Monument is located in western Nebraska, and commemorates the pioneers who left their homes and families in the East and initiated the settlement of America’s western territories. The difficulties of the journey have been documented in numerous books and films.

           Scott’s Bluff was a prominent and significant landmark along the Oregon and California trails. An interesting road with several tunnels winds upward from the Visitor Center to the bluff and provides panoramic overlooks of the area.

 

     7. Austin, Texas

           Austin, Texas is described by many as the “best small city in America”. It is the capital of Texas and also the location of the University of Texas. The result is an incredible vitality and zest for life which is contagious. There are numerous Arts as well as entertainment venues and the nightlife is particularly noteworthy. Austin is also famous for “Texas barbecue” and many of the restaurants specialize in this type of cooking.

           The city is also a base of operations for an exploration of the Texas “hill country,” a scenic drive of 300 miles (480 km) or so through the quintessential Texas landscape of cowboy country. The area is noted for its rugged terrain and includes several surprises, such as, the German town of Fredericksburg, and the unusual Enchanted Rock State Natural Area.

          While in Austin, be sure to check out the Mexican Free-tail bats beneath the Congress Avenue Bridge.

    The Benelux countries, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg, cover a small area but are packed with tourist attractions. UNESCO has rewarded these countries by placing several of these sites on their World Heritage List. My favorites are listed below along with photos of the places.

 

       1. Grand Place, Brussels, Belgium (1998)

        

 

       2. Historic Centre of Brugge (2000)

 

        

 

       3. Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elhout (1997)

 

            

 

       4. City of Luxembourg: Its Old Quarters and Fortifications (1994)

 

              

     For this entry, I have included Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota as Upper Midwestern States. There is not a wealth of significant tourist attractions here, but there certainly are a few which deserve mention. See my descriptions below, which will be followed by a photo album in the near future.

 

     1. Chicago, Illinois

            Chicago, Illinois is a world class city on the banks of Lake Michigan. It has long been associated with working class America because of its stockyards and meat-packing plants. Later, it was known for organized crime with the likes of Al Capone, etc. But Chicago has emerged from its sometimes storied past as a beacon of culture and prosperity. The public places in the city are adorned with fountains, sculptures and other artwork, and the quality of the museums rivals any city in the United States.

            Its Skyline, certainly one of the most beautiful in the world, is particularly dramatic because it is fairly compact and rises directly above the sandy beaches of Lake Michigan and Lake Shore Drive. It is most dramatic from the water, but, nevertheless, beautiful from several piers or land masses which jut out into the lake (in particular, the area beside the Adler Planetarium and the Navy Pier). The skyline is even more appealing at night when the lights of the buildings complement one another.

            The Field Museum of Natural History is one of the world’s best natural history museums. It is located just off Lake Shore Drive, near Grant Park, a lovely setting on the banks of Lake Michigan. The museum contains literally millions of specimens, including the most complete skeleton of Tyrannosaurus Rex, nicknamed “Sue”. There are sections of the museum devoted to Gems, Native American Cultures, and Ancient Egypt.

             Chicago also has great restaurants, probably the result of the many ethnic communities within the city.

             For spectacular views of the city and Lake Michigan, take the elevator to the Skydeck of the Sears Tower, which, for several years, was the tallest building in the world (110 stories/1350 feet/450 meters).

             A walking tour of the downtown will always include a stroll down the Magnificent Mile, a high-end shopping area in downtown Chicago, as well as a promenade along the waterfront. Where else in the world can you see men and women in suits take their lunches across Lake Shore Drive to eat them on the beach with its skyscraper backdrop.

             Chicago is also a city which contains many green areas. Particularly popular are Lincoln Park which also houses the city zoo, and Millennium Park, right on the lakefront.

             Stop by the Water Tower, one of the few buildings to survive Chicago’s devastating fire which began in O’Leary’s barn, in 1871. Its juxtaposition near numerous skyscrapers is dramatic.

 

     2.  Wisconsin Dells

             Wisconsin Dells refers to an area of the Wisconsin River which has created a fascinating and scenic chasm in the surrounding sandstone. Many different companies offer boat excursions up and down the river. In addition, because of the popularity of the Dells, numerous recreational opportunities are now available in the vicinity, such as, water parks, amusement parks, museums, etc. The “dells” have become the major tourist destination in Wisconsin and the ultimate “honky-tonk” locale. Here is an example of a beautiful natural area being spoiled (ruined) by capitalism and commercialism. Yet, thousands of people still love the area and return again and again.

 

     3. Mall of America, Bloomington, Minnesota

            The Mall of America, in Bloomington, Minnesota, is the USA’s largest retail/entertainment complex. It covers almost 80 acres and, besides the usual mall denizens (stores and restaurants), it has an amusement park, Knott’s Camp Snoopy, and an indoor aquarium, Underwater World.

            Bloomington is a suburb of Minneapolis, Minnesota, the state’s largest city and the home of the Metrodome. The city offers a Mississippi River cruise which travels through the famous locks which enable the river to remain navigable this far north. The neighboring community of St Paul is the state’s capitol and a pleasant area to explore. Notice, in particular, the Art Deco City Hall and the State House.

 

    4. Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan

            Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, along the southeastern coast of Lake Superior, showcases an area of dramatic cliffs, up to 70 km (200 feet) high, along the lakeshore. Federal lands extend from Munising to Grand Marais, MI. There are numerous trails for hiking in the summer and cross-country skiing or snowmobiling in the winter. The cliffs are referenced in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem, The Song of Hiawatha.

 

     5. Cahokia Mounds State Park, southern Illinois

             Travel across the Mississippi River bridge into nearby Illinois to visit the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site in Collinsville which preserves the site of an ancient Native American city that flourished here from approximately 900 - 1500 A.D. The mounds are thought to be the remains of earthen pyramids, erected throughout the city for various purposes. Excavations below the mounds have confirmed at least their ceremonial purposes. This society, named the Mississippians, relied heavily on trade. Evidence on the site indicates the people traveled as far north as Canada and as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. The Cahokia Mounds have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

    Florida has certainly become a destination in and of itself, which is why I am dealing with here as a separate entry. Whether it is Disney World and the other entertainment venues in the Orlando area, or Florida's incredible beaches, or the nightlife of Miami, or the warm weather in the winter, there are a multitude of reasons for travelers to visit the "Sunshine State." Here are my favorite Florida attractions. The discussion below will be followed by a photo album in the near future.

 

     1. Disney World & Orlando

           Orlando, Florida is an important destination for any tourist because it has attracted some of the premier amusement parks in the world. Its initial success, with Disney World has created a spiraling type of growth, with new venues moving in to capitalize on the overflow from the more established parks.

           Disney World is the world’s most popular theme park for many reasons. It offers so many options that it is truly a complete vacation destination. It is certainly not just for kids, although there is probably no place that kids would rather go. Because of its popularity, the entire area around it has developed into a major tourist area, with many venues surviving on the “leftovers”. Besides the “Magic Kingdom”, the original theme park, fashioned around the places and characters found in Disney movies and cartoons, there is Epcot, a combination theme park, focused on technology and education, and world showcase, which features miniature world travel destinations allowing the visitor to experience a mock visit to that particular country. There is also a Disney-MGM theme park which is based on the movie industry and Animal Kingdom, which is basically a combination zoo and theme park portrayed with Disney style and imagination.

           Besides these areas, there are additional places, such as Blizzard Beach, Typhoon Lagoon and River Country (three separate water parks), the Wide World of Sports Complex, which allows the visitor to participate in various sports, Downtown Disney, an entertainment, shopping, and restaurant complex, and Discover Island, another zoo of sorts. Add to all this the Disney Resort Hotels which also revolve around various themes and which offer many activities for their guests, and the five championship golf courses, Fort Wilderness Campground, and more, it is easy to see why this is a world travel destination for more than Americans.

           Must-sees in Disney World include the following:

               1. Cinderella’s castle in the Magic Kingdom (a great experience is to eat lunch in the castle, since waiters and staff are in knightly costume and the interior is decorated like a medieval castle).

               2. The “Tree of Life” in the Animal Kingdom has over 300 animals carved into its bark and is both interesting for kids (try to find as many creatures as possible) and impressive to adults who often cannot believe the intricacy and cleverness of the carvings.

               3. “Tower of Terror” dominates the skyline of Disney-MGM because of its height, and comes with the inevitable screams of delight and terror from the riders of the free-fall elevator.

               4. World Showcase in Epcot offers a look at Mexico, China, Norway, Germany, Italy, Japan, France, Morocco, England, Canada, and the USA and visitors can sample them all by foot without leaving Florida. The buildings are replicas of attractions or typical villages of the countries, and food stalls and restaurants offer native dishes and snacks.

           Sea World is one of the premier adventure parks in the world. Like Disney World, it attracts people of all age groups. The basic theme here is the marine environment and many marine organisms are featured. There are several venues around the country: Orlando, Florida, San Antonio, Texas, and San Diego, California.

           Perhaps the most popular activities involve the sea mammals, such as killer whales and dolphins. The organization which operates Sea World, besides being in the entertainment business, has also established educational and conservation links.

           For the best experience at any of Orlando’s theme parks, get to the parks early (when they open) and head for the most popular exhibits first before the crowds arrive. Save the browsing and less popular places for later in the day.

           If you are staying in Disney World, take a break (especially if you have kids) during the heat of the day and then return around suppertime when many people leave.

           Always check out the daily events, such as parades, fireworks, special shows, etc. and get to these places early for the best seating.

           Some events or eating establishments require reservations. If you are interested in any of these, make plans early in the day.

           For an interesting and somewhat different type of theme park, make a day trip to Cypress Gardens, in Winterhaven, Florida, which offers a variety of activities for people of all ages. There are water-skiing shows in the lagoon, museums, demonstrations, indoor shows, and a world-famous botanical garden with plants from all over the world as well as beautiful topiaries.

           While in Cypress Gardens, Take the narrated boat ride through the botanical gardens to get oriented, then return by foot to particular areas for photographs and close-up looks.

           Another great excursion from the Orlando area is east to the Kennedy Space Center, in Cape Canaveral, Florida, the major spacecraft launch site in the United States. It has become a major tourist destination because it pays tribute to the US Space Program and its many milestones and accomplishments. Take the Red Tour to see Complex 39 and the launch pads. The Visitor Center offers IMAX films which pertain to space. Outside are full-size rockets on display which detail the history of the space program.

           

      2. Everglades National Park

           Everglades National Park, in southern Florida, preserves a vast wetland complete with an incredible variety of wildlife, including alligators, crocodiles, manatees, Florida panthers, and a tremendous number of birds. A boat cruise is the only way to see much of the park, because water predominates. There are also many walking trails. Don’t visit in the summer since the mosquitoes are ubiquitous and extremely aggressive. 

 

      3. Key West

           Key West is the southernmost city in the continental USA and, besides its fantastic weather and climate, has drawn tourists for many years due to its devil-may-care residents and their strange activities. Ernest Hemingway lived here for many years and the Hemingway House is a major tourist spot. Also noteworthy is the Conch Tour Train, a wheeled train that takes visitors on a narrated tour of the major sights. Actually, it is a great way to begin a visit since it provides a wonderful orientation.

           Duval Street is the main street in the tourist area. On the corner, near the waterfront is Sloppy Joe’s Bar, a “must” on every tourist itinerary, for drinks and people-watching. Another mandatory experience for all visitors is watching the sunset from Mallory Square. There are numerous shops in the vicinity of the square for browsing.

           Also of note, while in Key West, are the southernmost house, a distinctive two-story Victorian-type mansion, and southernmost point, marked by a colorful conical structure.

           Check out the polydactyl cats at the Hemingway House.

 

           South Beach, Miami, Florida is the nightlife capital of the USA these days. Besides the many art deco buildings, lit up in the evenings with multi-colored neon, and the many bars and nightclubs, there is a long white sandy beach, frequented by the “beautiful people” so that they may obtain and show off their tans.

           The city of Miami, because of its large Hispanic population, has street signs in both English and Spanish, but it has little to offer the tourist.

           The estate of Vizcaya claims to be Miami‘s most popular tourist attraction but may not be worth the hefty admission.

           Nearby is Biscayne National Park, located south of Miami, which preserves several of the off-shore habitats of this area, including mangrove swamps and coral reefs. The park is primarily underwater, so visitors are encouraged to experience the reef environment in various ways. Boat rentals are available, as well as tours such as glass-bottomed boat tours.

           Just off South Beach on Meridian Avenue, is the Miami Holocaust Memorial, a giant sculpture of an arm with many people clinging to it, as well as a perpetual flame and wall of names of holocaust victims. It is quite dramatic and moving.

 

     5. St Augustine

           St Augustine, Florida is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the United States. Its occupation began with Ponce de Leon’s landing here in 1513. It was primarily a Spanish territory, but was ceded to England for a short time in the late 18th century. The Spanish influence is still prominent with its Spanish fort, Castillo de San Marco, and many homes with Spanish architecture. The city experienced another boom during the late 1800’s when Henry Flagler initiated the development of a winter resort area, by connecting the area via train tracks with the rest of the east coast. Flagler’s influence is still apparent when one visits Flagler College, in the city. The wealth that once financed hotels and playgrounds for the rich is still evident in a tour of the college and its buildings.

          Take a walking tour of the Old Town to be transported back into St Augustine’s colorful past.