Seville is the largest city in southern Spain and has a long and distinguished history in the country. Moorish rulers have resided here and the city has become a world showplace for much of Spain's culture and it hosted the World's Fair in 1929. There is much to do here and many places to see, but I have provided my list of the city's top ten below. A photo album will follow tomorrow.

 

      1. Cathedral - This immense building is the largest Roman Catholic cathedral in the world (St Peter's in the Vatican, while larger, is technically a basilica) and the largest Medieval Gothic religious structure in the world. Construction began in 1402 and continued for many years. The church, besides many examples of the wealth of this city, also contains the tomb of Christopher Columbus (although this claim is disputed by several other places). 

 

      2. Giralda - The Giralda is the bell tower of the cathedral (see above) but it began its life as the minaret of a mosque, dating back to 1184 AD. It was converted to a bell tower in the 16th century after the Moors were driven from Spain. Its height and graceful elegance have made it a symbol of the city.

 

      3. Alcazares Reales - This "royal palace" began as a Moorish fortress and has been modified and added to over the years. It is an excellent example of mudejar architecture, a style which originated in Christian Spain but with Islamic influences. It was here that Columbus met with Ferdinand and Isabella after his second voyage.

 

      4. Maria Luisa Park - This oasis of greenery was built when Seville hosted the 1929 World's Fair. The Exposition building and its Plaza de Espana were recently featured in one of the Star Wars episodes. There are a number of museums within the park in the Plaza de America area and the pleasant, well-manicured landscaping makes it a great escape from the bustle of the city. 

 

      5. Torre del Oro - This watchtower on the Guadaquivir River was used by the Moors to control access to the river. It dates to the early 13th century and was later used as a prison. Now it houses a naval museum.

 

      6. Flamenco at El Arenal - The flamenco is a dance and musical style which originated in Andalusia, the southwestern part of Spain. Elaborate costumes and quick staccato steps are its trademark. Seville is the heart of flamenco and there are numerous venues within the city where visitors can witness this spectacle. Among the best and most popular is El Arenal, located near the city's bullring. 

 

      7. Stroll the Barrio Santa Cruz - This most charming of Seville's neighborhoods used to be the Jewish Quarter of the city. It has been transformed into a delightful enclave of narrow, cobblestone streets, whitewashed houses, small plazas, restaurants and shops. The region borders the Alcazar (see above) and the Cathedral (see above) so is part of the major tourist area of the city.

 

      8. Dine on seafood in the Triana District - This vibrant and trendy neighborhood was once the seediest part of the city. Now this area across the river is alive with restaurants, shops and nightlife.

 

      9. Plaza de Espana - This large and elegant square lies within Parque Maria Luisa (see above) and is the focal point of the park. As mentioned above, it was the locale featured in the Star Wars, the Attack of Clones. Anakin and Padmeyou walked hand in hand through the plaza, which represented the planet of Nabo. The tiles which line the bridges and the walkways are in need of repair, but they certainly must have been impressive at the Spanish-American Exposition of 1929.

 

      10. Museum of Fine Arts - The Museo de Belles Artes was established in 1835 and contains an excellent collection of works by primarily Spanish artists.

 

      Other sights considered:

          Town Hall

      Boston is the "cradle of liberty" for the United States, scene of the first rumblings for independence from England. The city is proud of its heritage and has managed to preserve many reminders of this pivotal time in American history. Thus there are many locations within the city proper and nearby which make choosing a "best" ten sights difficult. There are also many excellent museums and Arts venues which vie with the historical sights for the tourist's attention. Here are my choices, to be followed by a photo album.

 

      1. Freedom Trail. Not one sight but a series of attractions woven into a walking trail through history, this self-or-guided walk is Boston's top tourist activity. Highlights include the Old North Church, where lanterns initiated Paul Revere's famous ride, Bunker Hill, scene of a famous battle for control of the city, and Old Ironsides, the USS Constitution, an important battleship of the early United States Navy.

 

      2. Boston Museum of Science. This wonderful, interactive museum engages children and adults in an exploration of a wide variety of scientific principles and facts. It ranks as one of the top museums of its kind in the world.

 

      3. Faneuil Hall & Quincy Market. Actually locations along the Freedom Trail (see above), these building comprise one of the top shopping destinations in the United States. The former consists of rows and rows of shops and restaurants, while the latter is the ultimate food court, with almost any kind of food imaginable.

 

      4. New England Aquarium.  Another of Boston's remarkable museums, this venue is one of the first in world to exhibit sea creatures in a huge tank with a wide variety of creatures mixed together. Sharks roam the waters with sea turtles and rays, along with colorful reef fish. The main tank occupies the center of the building with individual displays along the outside walls.

 

     5. Salem, just north of Boston. Salem was the setting for one of the most embarassing periods in American history. It was here that the famous "witch trials" were held which ended with the execution of numerous townspeople. The frenzy was documented in Arthur Miller's The Crucible, and is now dramatized for tourists in numerous locations in town.

 

     6. Museum of Fine Arts. Another of the city's excellent museums, this building houses a world-class collection of Art from Egyptian mummies to Twentieth Century American paintings.

 

     7. Italian dining in the North End. Boston's "little Italy" has an excellent collection of Italian dining opportunities. Almost every restaurant has good food, and the people-watching is fine as well.

 

     8. Drive along the Route of Revolutionary War. Check out the early days of the Revolutionary War by driving along the road from Lexington ("the shot heard round the world") to Concord, where the first battle of the war was fought. This area, just west of the city of Boston, has numerous stops which commemorate these beginnings of steps of independence for the United States.

 

      9. John F Kennedy Memorial Library. Just south of the city center, this "museum" commemorates the life and death of one of America's most beloved presidents. Displays cover his childhood, military service, and his time as Senator and then President, until his assassination in November, 1963.

 

      10. Plimoth Plantation & Plymouth Harbor - Just south of Boston (perhaps 45 minutes to 1 hour) lies the city of Plymouth, famous as the landing site of the Pilgrims in 1620. Visitors can see Plymouth Rock, where the first footstep supposedly took place, and a replica of the Mayflower, the ship which brought these pioneers to America. A short distance from the harbor is Plimoth Plantation, an open-air museum which recreates this early colony. Townspeople in traditional dress make the experience come to life, speaking like the Pilgrims and engaging in activities typical of this time in American history.

 

      Other sights considered:

          Prudential Building

     Athens, during the golden age of Greek Civilization, was the dominant city-state in the region. Historians credit Greece, particularly Athens with developing the basic concepts of democracy. Some of the world's most famous and respected philosophers, playwrights, and historians were Athenians. Thus, the city of Athens has a wealth of sights to attract the tourist. Here is my list of the best of this ancient city.

 

       1. Acropolis - The focal point of ancient Athens and a treasure-trove of elegant and spectacular architecture is visible from almost everywhere in the city and is attractively lighted at night. The Parthenon is piece de resistance, but the Erechtheum and the Propylaea are also interesting. The area offers great views of the city and its other attractions below. Note also the Odean of Herodotus Atticus, a partially restored amphitheater which is still used today for performances. The Acropolis Museum contains some original pieces from the Acropolis, such as the "real" Karyatids.

 

        2. Delphi - The major excursion from the city of Athens is to this site, the location of the famous Oracle of Delphi. The Temple of Apollo is one of the most important ruins on the property, which also contains a Greek Amphitheater and, further up the hill (actually Mount Parnassus), the remains of the stadium which was used for the Pythian Games, similar to the Olympics. 

 

        3. Plaka - This term refers to the part of the city just below the Acropolis. Its alleys and streets are crowded at all times of the day and night with residents and tourists alike. There are shops, hotels, and restaurants galore.

 

       4. Syntagma Square - This is the main square of the city and is located directly in front of the Parliament Building, where a "changing of the guard" takes place daily.

 

       5. Agora - This was the government center of ancient Athens. One can imagine that it bustled with activity during the regular work day. Very little remains of the structures which adorned the agora. However, excavations and restorations are ongoing. One of the most prominent buildings is the Temple of Hephaestus.

 

       6. National Archaeological Museum - It contains the largest collection of Greek antiquities in the world. One of the highlights is the Mask of Agamemnon.

 

       7. Olympic Stadium - The stadium which was used during the inauguration of the Modern Olympic Games, in 1876 is still a beautiful, though small, venue. It was used in 2004 for the opening ceremonies.

 

       8. Temple of Olympian Zeus - During Roman times, this was the largest temple in Greece. Construction on the temple began in the 6th century BC, but it was not completed until the reign of Hadrian.

 

       9. Temple of Poseidon - The remains of this temple are located at Cape Sounion, about 45 miles southeast of Athens at the tip of the Attica peninsula. It is a popular excursion from Athens, especially in the evening to observe the sun set over the Aegean Sea.  

 

       10. Lycabettus Hill - Accessed by a funicular, Mount Lycabettus rises from the city like a green monster. At the top is the Chapel of St George, a restaurant and a theater.

    Florence was the birthplace of the Renaissance, that time of incredible artistic expression from the 14th thorugh and 17th centuries. Artists such as Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Bernini, and Botticelli had their start in this incredible city, encouraged by patrons such as the Medici's. Because of this, Florence is almost always included in Italian itineraries.

 

      1. Duomo & Baptistry - This stunning church, with its lovely pink, white and green marble, is usually a visitor's first stop in Florence. The huge, red dome, designed and built by Brunneleschi is an icon of the city. Ghiberti's Baptistry doors are also popular with tourists.

 

      2. Uffizi Gallery - This incredible museum, a gift from the Medici's, contains an amazing collection of works, especially from noted Renaissance artists. The Botticelli room is one of the favorites for most visitors. Purchase tickets online, prior to your visit to avoid the tremendously long lines.

 

      3. Galleria dell'Accademia - This museum is famous for only one reason -- the presence of the original copy of Michelangelo's David, arguably the greatest sculpture in the world. Once again, lines are long, so obtain tickets online prior to your visit.

 

      4. Piazza della Signoria - This square is very popular with tourists because of its proximity to the Uffizi (see above), and because it is a showplace for some other wonderful scuptures. Found in the Loggia dei Lanzi, on the south side, are Cellini's Perseus, and Giambologna's Rape of the Sabines and Hercules and the Centaur. In addition, on the square itself is another copy of the David and Ammanati's Neptune Fountain.

 

      5. Ponte Vecchio - This covered bridge across the Arno is actually a small bazaar with shops lining both sides of the bridge. Many of the shops are high-end establishments, but crowds of people can always be found here, browsing and people-watching.

 

      6. Santa Croce Church - Another of Florence's fantastic churches, this white marble structure is most famous as a tomb for many of the city's famous sons. Michelangelo, Galileo, Macchiavelli, Ghiberti. and Rossini are all buried here. There is also a monument to Dante Alighieri, Italy's most famous poet.

 

      7. Santa Maria Novella Church - This unusual looking church with green and white stripes is loaded with artistic treasures inside, so must be explored to be appreciated.

 

      8. Boboli Gardens - These formal 16th century gardens contain numerous sculptures and walkways, providing a pleasant getaway from the bustle of the city below. They are located across the Arno River from the city center.

 

      9. Bargello Museum - This palace-turned museum is the oldest public building in the city of Florence. Highlights include several pieces by Michelangelo and Donatelli's statue of David.

 

      10. Basilica of San Lorenzo - this church contains the famous Medici Chapels and is the final resting place for many members of this influential family. The truly important members of the family can be found in the Chapel of Princes.

 

         Other sights considered:

           Pitti Palace

        The United States of America is graced with numerous natural wonders, the focus of its many national parks. Many of these incredible places are world-famous as well. Although there are some areas which stand above the rest, it is nevertheless difficult to narrow the many wonders down to seven. Here is my list. Look for a photo album to follow.

 

       1. Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. This unbelievable gash in the Earth's crust was created by the Colorado River, now appearing as a narrow stripe at the bottom of the canyon. The river dug the canyon as the western part of the US rose in a major uplift, created by the North American Plate climbing over the Pacific Plate in a dramatic example of Plate Tectonics. At present, the canyon is over 200 miles long, ten miles wide and a mile deep, the largest canyon on Earth.

 

       2. Niagara Falls, New York (shared with Canada). One of the largest waterfalls in the world, and certainly the most accessible, Niagara Falls has been a major destination for tourists for hundreds of years. Engineering projects to shore up the falls, which are continually eroding, have stabilized things for the time being, but this area will definitely change over time.

 

       3. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. This incredibly diverse national park is most famous for its geysers, especially Old Faithful, whose regular eruptions are witnessed daily by thousands of park-goers. A stroll through these thermal areas reveals much more than Old Faithful, however. There are multi-colored terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs, beautiful thermal pools, mud cauldrons known as the fountain paint pots, and thousands of other geysers, some even more regular than Old Faithful. When visiting, be sure to check out the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, a dramatic chasm with colorful walls and a blue-green ribbon of water, the Yellowstone River, below.

 

        4. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Big Island, Hawai'i. Kilauea Volcano, the world's most active volcano, is the draw here. Visitors can witness fresh lava flows since Kilauea's latest eruption has been active since 1993.  Also, visitors to the island of Maui will find Haleakala volcano, a dormant cousin to Kilauea.

 

        5.  Monument Valley Tribal Park, Arizona. Here is the classic Western landscape, immortalized in numerous films, especially those of John Ford. The fanciful shapes and dramatic examples of erosion are known as buttes and mesas by geologists.

 

        6. Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. This thoroughly fanciful and unusual place is characterized by the presence of "hoodoos," tall monoliths of stone, eroded into strange shapes and sizes which punctuate the landscape. Trails allow visitors close-up access to many.

 

        7. Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. Here visitors will find the eerie beauty of the underworld. This UNESCO World Heritage Site preserved an immense limestone cave system. The park also features an evening flight of thousands of Mexican Free-tail Bats for their nightly forays.

 

     Other sites considered:

             Death Valley National Park, California. 

             Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

             Everglades National Park, Florida

             Arches National Park, Utah

             Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska

             Haleakala National Park, Hawai'i

             Mount McKinley, Denali National Park, Alaska.

             Rainbow Bridge National Monument, Arizona.

             Devil's Tower National Monument, Wyoming

             Glacier National Park, Montana

     Istanbul, formerly Constantinople, has a lengthy and storied history dating back before the Roman Emperor Constantine made it his capital. Following the downfall of the empire, it was the centerpiece of the Byzantine Empire. In modern times, it became Istanbul and is the largest city in Turkey and still a great center for trade and commerce. There are many attractions in and around this great city, so it is not easy to come up with a best ten, but here goes. Look for the photo album which will follow shortly.

 

       1. Hagia Sophia - This church-turned-mosque-turned-museum was built in the 6th century and was the largest church in the world until the construction of the Cathedral of Seville, in Spain. The Roman Emperor Justinian was responsible for its construction and it is still considered one of the best examples of Byzantine architecture in the world. It is particularly prized for its mosaics which were covered up when the building became a mosque, but have now been restored.

 

       2. Topkapi Palace - This huge palace complex was the principal residence of Ottoman sultans for about 400 years, beginning in the 12th century. Now it is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city of Istanbul. Located at the junction of the Golden Horn and the Bosporus, and looking out over the Sea of Marmara, this cluster of buildings displays an incredible collection of Ottoman jewelry, Chinese porcelain, and many other items. Several of its buildings are especially popular -- these include the Harem, the Imperial Council, and the Imperial Treasury.

 

       3. Blue Mosque - Also known as Sultan Ahmed Mosque, this beautiful religious building is noted and named for it blue ceramic tiles which adorn the interior. It was built on the site of the great palace of the Byzantine Emperors in the early 1600's. It is one of only a few mosques with six (6) minarets.

 

       4. Grand Bazaar - Also known as the Covered Bazaar, this is one of the largest covered markets in the world, with more than 58 streets and 4,000 shops. Over a quarter of a million people visit the bazaar daily.

 

       5. Spice Bazaar - Also known as the Egyptian Bazaar, since many of the spices used to come via Cairo, this colorful market was built in the 17th century and remains a popular destination for tourists and residents alike.

 

       6. Hippodrome - The Hippodrome was originally a horse-racing track in the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Roman Empire, beginning in 324 AD. What's left of the original structure is now Sultanahmet Square and is graced today with three monuments. The Serpent Column was once the base of the Tripod of Plataea which used to adorn the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. The Obelisk of Thutmosis III was erected in 1590 BC and originally sat in the Temple of Karnak at Luxor. Finally the Walled Obelisk was added in the 10th century AD by Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus. 

 

       7. Beylerbeyi Palace - This summer palace on the Asian side of the Bosporus was built in the 19th century in Baroque style. The crystal chandeliers are largely Bohemian and the woodwork is spectacular.

 

       8. Dolmabahce Palace - This elaborate European-style palace has 285 rooms, 46 halls, and fourteen tons of gold on its ceilings. It also contains the largest Bohemian crystal chandelier in the world with 750 lights. Rulers moved from the Topkapi Palace to here in the mid-1800's because of the better facilities.

 

       9. Bosporus Cruise - One of the most popular activities for visitors to Istanbul is a cruise on the Bosporus, the busy waterway which connects the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea. There are stunning views of the city and stops at some of the major neighborhoods of Istanbul.

 

       10. Istiklal Caddesi - This pedestrian street is jammed with people during almost anytime of the day and night. It is the major shopping street of Istanbul and also features many restaurants. It is located in the neighborhood of Beyoglu and ends at Taksim Square, one of the city's busiest.

 

       Other sights considered:

        

 

       10. Istiklal Caddesi -

 

         Other sights considered:

             Sunken Palace (Basilica Cistern)

 

     Prague is the "Paris" of Eastern Europe and has become an extremely popular destination. It is beloved because much of its outstanding architecture was not totally destroyed during World War II or during its years behind the Iron Curtain. It possesses a charm and elegance which is extremely attractive, and has a multitude of attractions to interest travelers. These are my choices of the best of this lovely city.

 

      1. Prague Castle. High on a hill overlooking the city and the Vltava River, the castle dominates the landscape of Prague. It is not a single building but rather a complex of structures which will take the tourist hours to adequately explore.

 

       2. Charles Bridge. This distinctive bridge over the Vltava River is lined with religious statues and flanked by towers at each end. It is pedestrian-only so has become a true gathering place, with street vendors, entertainers, and crowds of people almost anytime of the day or night.

 

       3. Old Town Square. Certainly one of the most beautiful and elegant squares in all of Europe, this crowded expanse is bordered by stately, pastel-colored buildings, interesting churches, and many restaurants and shops.

 

       4. Municipal House. Here is an Art Nouveau masterpiece which must be explored, inside and out. Visiting hours are extremely limited so check ahead.

 

       5. Karlstejn Castle. This popular excursion, several miles southwest of the city, is a classic European castle with turrested walls and a prominent location above the small town.

 

       6. Wenceslas Square. This large, oblong square is difficult to maneuver because of the hordes of people and the presence of automobiles. It is extremely historic as the scene of Czechoslavakia's declaration of independence from  Russian rule in 1989 in the movement known as the Velvet Revolution.

 

       7. St Vitus Cathedral. This large church is perhaps the most prominent structure on the Prague Castle grounds. This Gothic edifice is the largest and most important church in the Czech Republic.

 

        8. Astronomical Clock. Death strikes the time while Apostles parade every hour in this fascinating timepiece located on Old Town Square (see above). It is part of Prague's Town Hall and is a favorite with tourists so get in position early for a good view.

 

        9. Jewish Quarter. Prague, prior to World War II had one of the largest Jewish populations in Europe. Its Jewish Quarter was significant and influential, and there are still parts of this area which remind tourists of this influence. Visit the Old-New Synagogue and the Jewish Cemetery to appreciate its history.

 

        10. Mala Strana. This area, located just over the Charles Bridge and below the Castle District, is called the Lower Quarter and is interesting because of its numerous examples of Baroque architecture. Notable structures include St Nicholas Church and the Wallenstein Palace.

 

        Other sights considered:

           Powder Tower

 

       

     Rome is an ancient city, center of the Roman Empire, one of the most successful civilizations in history. This there are numerous tourist attractions which beckon the traveler. Here is my choice for Rome's top ten. Look for the photo album to follow.

 

         1. Colosseum - Certainly, this is one of the most recognizable structures in the world. It was recently chosen as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World and is certainly a World Heritage Site. This classic arena was the scene of gladiatorial bouts and other types of entertainment beginning in 79 AD.

 

         2. Roman Forum - Adjacent to the Colosseum, this large area of ruins was the city center and gathering place for Romans during the time of Julius Caesar. I, for one, was somewhat overwhelmed by the fact that I was walking on the same marble paving stones that Caesar and Augustus walked so many years ago. Excavations continue and great pains are taken to be sure that this site is available to tourists for many years to come.

 

         3. Pantheon - This temple to all religions is the best preserved ancient structure in the city. Visitors marvel at its beautiful, multi-colored marble walls and floor. The oculus above bathes the interior with natural light. Some of the altars around the edge of the edifice are stunning.

 

         4. Trevi Fountain - Another of the many travel icons in the city, this glorious fountain maintains its aura of beauty and romance despite the hordes of people who constantly surround and admire it. Everyone must throw the obligatory coin into the fountain to guarantee a return to this great city.

 

         5. St Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. Although not technically part of Rome (the Vatican is a separate country), this huge (the largest Roman Catholic church in the world), architectural wonder (the dome was designed by none other than Michelangelo) is usually visited as part of any trip to Rome and, thus, must be included in this list. The interior is positively breath-taking.

 

         6. Vatican Museum & Sistene Chapel - For the same reason as #5 above, this world-class museum is typically combined with anyone's visit to Rome. The ceiling of the Sistene Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is one of the most treasured pieces of artwork in the history of civilization. The artist's Last Judgment and the Rafael rooms are other must-sees within the museum.

 

         7. Piazza Navona - My favorite square in all of Rome, this oval space was once used for chariot races. Now, three beautiful fountains highlight this popular gathering place. The most impressive of the fountains is Bernini's Three Rivers.

 

         8. Spanish Steps - This famous gathering place is bedecked with flowers for much of the year. At the top of the stairs is the Trinita dei Monti church. At the bottom, in the Piazza di Spagna, is the "boat" sculpture (La Fontana della Barcaccia), done by Bernini's father.

 

         9. Victor Emmanuel Monument - The "wedding cake," as it is called, was built to commemorate the first king of a unified Italy. It was completed in 1935 and also includes the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and other service memorials.

 

         10. Piazza del Campidoglio & the Capitoline Museum - The piazza was designed by Michelangelo and sits on Capitoline hill, the highest of the "seven hills of Rome." Occupying the piazza is the Capitoline Museum which contains both Art and archaeological remains housed in three palaces found on the piazza.

 

         Other sights considered:

             Castel Sant'Angelo

             Piazza del Popolo 

 

    London is one of the world's premier cities and has a considerable number of attractions to interest the traveler. It is actually to narrow the number down to ten, but here is my take on the best of London. A photo album will follow tomorrow.

 

     1. Tower of London. Visitors are escorted by a knowlegeable "beefeater" through the grounds of this facility which has been a Royal residence, a prison, a fortress and still houses England's Crown Jewels.

 

     2. Tower Bridge. Close to the Tower of London (hence the name), this extremely distinctive and photogenic bridge allows pedestrian, vehicular and boat traffic across and on the Thames.

 

     3. Big Ben & Parliament. This huge complex which dominates the riverfront is recognized all over the world for its exquisite architecture and its iconic bell tower, actually known as St Stephen's Tower.

 

     4. Westminster Abbey. This incredible church, which has been the venue for the coronation of English monarchs for hundreds of years, is also a necropolis for famous and Royal English men and women. There are also commemorative plaques for England great literati.

 

     5. Buckingham Palace. The urban residence of the Queen is a huge, stately mansion and the scene of a daily "Changing of the Guard" filled with pomp and circumstance.

 

     6. St Paul's Cathedral. Here is the place where Prince Charles and Diana were married, a ceremony witnessed by much of the world through the magic of television. The church is the masterpiece of Christopher Wren who practically rebuilt London after its devastating fire in 1666.

 

     7. British Museum. This museum is home to millions of artifacts, the spoils from England's conquests and world domination in the 18th and 19th centuries. Some of its greatest holdings are the Rosetta Stone and marble carvings from the Parthenon in Athens.

 

     8. Royal Parks of London. The city of London possesses great expanses of greenery, thanks to opening of these Royal Hunting Grounds and Gardens to the public. Stroll through Hyde Park and express your feelings at Speaker's Corner or visit the Diana Memorial; Regent's Park contains the London Zoo; admire the Albert Memorial and the statue of Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens.

 

     9. Trafalgar Square. This large square is one of London's most popular gathering places. It is located in the Westminster section of the city, so is convenient to many of London's most famous attractions. The centerpiece of the square is the Nelson column, dedicated to Admiral Horation Nelson.

 

      10. Harrod's Department Store. Here is one of the world's greatest shopping venues. Harrod's has everything and the displays of goods is truly artwork. The building itself and its ornamentation are also outstanding -- it's a total sensory experience.

 

     Other sights considered:

          National Gallery

    Paris, the "City of Lights," is one of the world's great cities. To narrow its major tourist attractions down to ten is not an easy proposition. However, I have produced my list of Paris' best below. A photo album will follow tomorrow.

 

     1. Eiffel Tower. This world travel icon was built in 1889 for the World's Fair and has delighted tourists ever since. Its location along the Seine makes it visible from almost anywhere in Paris.

 

     2. The Louvre. Probably the world's greatest art museum, the Louvre contains famous works such as the Da Vinci's Mona Lisa, and Venus de Milo, one of the most well-known sculptures in the world.

 

     3. Arc d'Triomphe. This huge memorial, built by Napoleon, commemorates his battles during his campaign to rule the world. It sits at the end of the famous Champs Elysses and its observation area provides wonderful views of the city.

 

     4. Notre Dame Cathedral. This church, on an island in the Seine, is the quintessential Gothic church. It has been immortalized in Victor Hugo's Hunchback of Notre Dame.

 

     5. Sacre Coeur Church. This glistening white structure, high on a hill in the Montmartre area, has a commanding view of the entire city below. It can be reached by funicular.

 

     6. Versailles Palace, just southwest of the city. The incredibly ornate palace of Versailles is the most popular excursion from Paris. It was the crowning glory of the Sun King, Louis XIV.

 

     7. Left Bank Cafe. One of Paris' most popular activities involves sipping coffee or a beer at an outdoor cafe on the left bank of the Seine. It's one of the best places in the world to people-watch.

 

     8. Orsay Museum. Although not as well known as the Louvre (see above) this art museum is adored by many, Because it is not as large and offers a more intimate experience.

 

     9. Luxembourg Garden. This romantic refuge of quiet and retreat in the bustling city provides relief for both locals and tourists. Stroll the grounds to admire the flowers and fountains.

 

     10. Champs Elysses. One of the world's grandest avenues, this tree-lined stretch of upscale shops and restaurants reminds everyone why Paris is the capital of fashion in the world.

 

       Other sights considered:

          Place de la Concorde

    San Diego, on California's border with Mexico, is a world-class city with one of the nicest climates in the world. Here are my choices for the best that this city has to offer. Look for a photo album to follow soon.

 

      1. San Diego Zoo. Here is certainly one of the world's best zoos. How often can a visitor see Koala Bears from Australia, Panda Bears from China, and Polar Bears from Canada in one place?

 

      2. Balboa Park. One of the largest and most interesting urban parks in the United States, this park offers great museums, pleasant paths to stroll, many activities, and beautiful Spanish architecture.

 

      3. Sea World. One of several venues for this world-class theme park, a visit to Sea World is both immensely educational and entertaining.

 

      4. Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. This area offers tourists a look at the way this city was back in the early to mid-19th century.

 

      5. Cabrillo National Monument. This site commemorates San Diego's founder, and offers great views looking back to the city.

 

      6. Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcala. California's first mission was founded by Father Junipero Serra in 1769.

 

      7. Hotel Del Coronado, on Coronado Island, west of the city. The setting is lovely, the beach is great, so at least have lunch here and walk the grounds of this classic Victorian establishment.

 

      8. San Diego's Wild Animal Park, in Escondido, just outside of the city. This is a kind of open air zoo, so visitors feel like their are on a safari.

 

      9. La Jolla, a suburb just north of the city. Visitors flock to this adorable locale on the ocean to stroll the waterfront, shop, or dine.

 

       10. Walk the Historic Gaslight District. This enchanting area of downtown San Deigo is pleasant to stroll. There are many shopping opportunities as well as eating establishments.

 

       Other sights considered:

            Maritime Museum of San Diego

            Legoland California, in Carlsbad, north of the city.

            Birch Aquarium, at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, in La Jolla

     Here are my choices for the best that San Francisco has to offer the tourist. Check out the photo album which will follow.

 

         1. Golden Gate Bridge. This icon which frames the entrance to San Francisco Bay can be seen from a great distance but get up-close to really appreciate its engineering and dramatic location.

 

         2. Alcatraz, an island in the Bay which housed the USA's most infamous prison. Tour boats leave from Pier 41.

 

         3. Sausalito, just north of the Golden Gate Bridge. This artist colony offers an interesting contrast to the big city. There are also great views of the city and its bay from Vista Point.

 

         4. Ride a Cable Car. Most popular is the Market Street Line (the F Line) which originates near the waterfront.

 

         5. Muir Woods. Actually within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, this tranquil stand of redwoods, the world's tallest trees, offers peace and quiet along its walking trails, just north of the city.

 

         6. Lombard Street. Known as the "crookedest street in the world," the best way to experience this attraction is to drive the short distance.

 

         7. Coit Tower, at the top of Telegraph Hill. Climb the tower for incredible views of the Bay, its islands, and the Golden Gate Bridge.

 

         8. Chinatown, slightly northwest of the main Pier area. One of the largest and most exciting "chinatowns" outside of China, there are great shopping and dining opportunities here.

 

         9. Fisherman's Wharf, at Taylor and Jefferson Streets. This area is always crowded with tourists, enjoying the many activities and the shopping.

 

         10. Cliff House, within Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Stroll along the rocky shoreline, view the sea lions on Seal Rocks, and watch a glorious sunset here.  

 

          Other sights considered:

             Palace of Fine Arts

 

     Here are my choices for the most important tourist attractions in the Big Apple. A photo album will follow at a later date.

 

             1. Statue of Liberty, Liberty Island. Take a ferry from either Battery Park, in Lower Manhattan, or from Liberty State Park in Jersey City, New Jersey. The ferry also stops at Ellis Island, the former processing center for immigrants arriving in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th century.

 

             2. Empire State Building, 350 Fifth Avenue at 34th Street in Mid-town Manhattan. Get tickets online prior to your visit to reduce the wait time.

 

             3. Metropolitan Museum, Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street, Uptown Manhattan. This is one of the world's best museums.

 

             4. Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), 11 W. 53rd Street, Mid-town Manhattan.

 

             5. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street. The largest collection of dinosaurs in the world, the Hayden Planetarium and more -- just an incredible venue.

 

            6. Times Square, Broadway and Seventh Avenue, from 42nd to 47th Streets. This Mecca for all that is glitzy and strange is an experience just to walk through.

 

            7. Central Park, from 59th Street to 110th Street, between Fifth Avenue and Central Park West. The park is great for strolling, people-watching, and offers many activities, from boat rides to horseback riding to a zoo.

 

            8. Bronx Zoo, Bronx River Parkway at Fordham Road, the Bronx. One of the world's greatest zoos, it covers over 250 acres and includes a dizzying variety of creatures from around the world.

 

            9. See a Broadway Play at any of a large number of theaters in the Times Square area.

 

            10. United Nations Building, 46th Street and First Avenue, Mid-town Manhattan. The location of this international organization, created after the World War II, offers visitors the opportunity to see this world stage and the gifts of various countries which adorn its corridors and walls.

 

            Other sights considered:

              Rockefeller Center, Fifth Avenue and 49th Street

              St Patrick's Cathedral, Fifth Avenue and 50th Street

              New York Botanical Garden, Bronx River Parkway and Fordham Road

              Sony Wonder Lab, 550 Madison Avenue, Mid-town Manhattan

              Museum of Television and Radio, 25 W. 52nd Street

              Gugghenheim Museum, Fifth Avenue at 89th Street, Uptown Manhattan

              Intrepid Air-Sea-Space Museum, Pier 86, W.46th Street and 12th Avenue

              Chinatown, large area in Lower Manhattan, toward the East side

    Scandinavia, which consists of the countries of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland, is a cold region, but yet has been inhabited for many centuries. Foremost in the past of this region were the Vikings, great seamen, explorers, and warriors. Although each country has its own individual and separate culture today, the region will be forever linked and lumped together as I am doing. Here is my list of the seven man-made wonders of this intriguing area.

 

      1. Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark. This is the home of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of the Danish Government (the only single building in the world to house all three together). There have been a succession of buildings on thie site, so the present palace is of fairly recent construction.

 

      2. Domkirche, Roskilde, Denmark. This cathedral was the first Gothic structure to be made of bricks and was erected in the 12th century. It has been the main interment location for Danish monarchs since the 15th century and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Roskilde Palace is attached to the church.

 

      3. Vigeland Sculpture Park, outside of Oslo, Norway. This park showcases the sculpture of native-son Gustav Vigeland. There are over 200 sculptures in the park, the most popular of which is the Monolith, a monument to man's quest for connection with the spiritual. It is over 45 feet tall and contains 121 human figures.

 

      4. Mariakirke, Bergen, Norway. This church is the oldest building in the Hanseatic town of Bergen. Parts of it date to 1130 AD. Its altarpiece was in existence in the 1400's when it was the parish church of the German hanseats.

 

      5. Drottningholm Palace, Stockholm, Sweden. The Royal Palace of Sweden is the residence of the Swedish monarchy. With its Chinese Pavilion and gorgeous gardens, it has been cited by UNESCO as the "finest example of a Northern European royal residence inspired by the Palace of Versailles."

 

      6. Suomenlinna Fortress, Helsinki, Finland. This star-fort style fortification was built in 1748 as a defense against Russian expansion. It encompasses six (6) islands within the city limits of Helsinki. It is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Helsinki and is also popular with locals for picnics and such.

 

      7. Egeskov Castle, Odense, Denmark. Considered Europe's best preserved Renaissance water castle, Egeskov dates to 1554. The castle is also noted for its extensive gardens. Its fuchsia garden is one of the largest in Europe.

 

       Other sites considered:

          Troldhaugen, Bergen, Norway

          Maiden's Tower, Visby, Sweden

          Tivoli Gardens, Copenhagen, Denmark

          Lutheran Cathedral, Helsinki, Finland

    Hawaii is the youngest of the 50 states and perhaps the most beautiful. This string of islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean is the only tropical region in the United States and has perhaps the most pleasant weather in the world. The islands are all stunning in their beauty and yet have different things to offer the tourist. A visit to Hawaii should always incorporate several islands. Check out the luscious sights described below, then stay tuned for the photo album. Better yet, visit the islands yourself -- it's the trip of a lifetime.

 

    1. Oahu

          Oahu, the main and most populous island in the Hawaiian chain and the primary entry point for most visitors, contains numerous attractions and warrants at least three full days to see the major sights.

          Waikiki Beach & Diamond Head present one of the most famous scenes in the world. The beautiful and popular beach, renowned for surfers and outriggers is set against the backdrop of the ancient volcano remnant and is stunning at any time of the day.

          The islands themselves are located virtually in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, above what is known as a geological “hotspot”, a permanent area of upwelling magma, rising from earth’s mantle. Because the Pacific Ocean plate is moving in a northwesterly direction, new islands are created from northwest to southeast. Thus, Oahu (one of the more westerly of the Hawaiian islands) is older than Maui or Molokai. The youngest of the Hawaiian islands is the “Big Island”, Hawaii. As a result of all this geology, Oahu has remnants of volcanoes, but nothing active, while Hawaii has several very active volcanoes.

           But Waikiki is all about the water and “sun’n’fun“. Numerous hotels on the beach or just across the street offer opportunities for all sorts of water sports, or just plain tanning or wading. Climbing Diamond Head (at Diamond Head State Monument) provides the hearty (many stairs and highly exposed to the tropical sun) with a glorious view of the beach and the Oahu shoreline. (Be advised that flashlights are needed since the walk traverses several lengthy tunnels -- they are available at the State Monument but are expensive, so visitors are advised to bring their own from home). While at Waikiki, be sure to watch or join the surfers ride the waves (many are excellent) and walk along the beach to people-watch and to be seen.

           While in Honolulu, also check out the state government area which includes the interesting State Capitol Building, Iolani Palace, the only royal palace in the USA, and the statue of King Kamehameha, who united the islands and was their first true monarch.

           Iolani Palace, on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, is the only official royal residence in the United States. From 1882 till the end of the monarchy in 1893, it was the residence of the Hawaiian royal family. Subsequently, it became the capitol building. Now it is open to the public and is preserved as a memorial to the past.

           Across from the palace is the statue of King Kamehameha, who united all the Hawaiian islands and served as Hawaii’s first king. Also nearby is Hawaii’s new Capitol building which is also worth a look because of its unusual architecture.

           Other Oahu sights include snorkeling at Hanauma Bay, visiting Pearl Harbor to get immersed in World War II history at the USS Arizona and other memorials, or spending at least a half day at the Polynesian Cultural Center for an entertaining look at the various cultures of the South Pacific.

           Pearl Harbor is the scene of the infamous Japanese air raid, on December 7, 1941, which heralded America’s entry into World War II. This is still an active US Naval Base, but much of the area devastated in the attack has been preserved as a memorial to the men and women who lost their lives on that fateful day. The most important memorial is the USS Arizona Memorial, which consists of a white enclosure above the sunken hull of the Arizona, on Battleship Row. Oil still leaks from the vessel, and continues to bubble upward to the surface.

           The men who lost their lives when the Arizona sunk are still entombed within its hull -- their names are immortalized on the walls of the shrine room. Access to the memorial is via shuttle boat and tickets are available on a first come, first served basis, starting at 7:30 AM, so visitors are encouraged to arrive early and plan to wait in line, especially during the summer months. A visit includes a 23-minute documentary film and the 50-minute boat trip. The entire experience is extremely spiritual and reverent, and visitors are asked to maintain silence in respect for these lost souls.

           Other sights available on a visit to Pearl Harbor include the Battleship Missouri Memorial, which commemorates the end of the World War II Pacific Campaign on the ship where the Japanese surrender was signed in 1945, and the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park. The USS Utah Memorial may be visited by civilians, only when accompanied by a military sponsor.

           The Polynesian Cultural Center, located near the north shore beaches on the island of Oahu, is an educational and entertaining examination of the cultures of the islands of the South Pacific. The complex is divided into sections which recreate the homes and environments of these people. Within each area, there are demonstrations, such as, opening a coconut, dancing the hula, weaving a basket, etc. Some of these exhibits solicit visitor participation.

           There is a daily parade of boats, one for each island group, which displays men and women in native costumes doing native dances. In the evening, these same performers participate in an extended program of dancing, flaming-baton twirling, etc.

           Hanauma Bay nature preserve, located on the northeast coast of Oahu, is a state underwater park which features snorkeling and scuba diving on a horseshoe-shaped protected beach. Coral reefs are located just a few feet offshore, in fairly shallow water, making the area delightful even for small children. There is a fee to use the area and visitors are required to attend a safety and conservation orientation before reaching the beach.

           Unfortunately, the popularity of the area has had a negative effect on the reef -- it is not as extensive or accessible as it once was.

           Visit the Honahona Room at the top of the Sheraton Royal Hawaiian Hotel, in Honolulu, for the best view of Waikiki and Diamondhead. The room has huge glass windows, so have a drink at the bar and take lots of pictures.

           Take a drive north from Honolulu along the Pali Highway, Route 61, to the Nu’Uanu Pali State Wayside for a glorious view of the northern part of the island from a cliff which was the site of King Kamehameha’s decisive victory in the battle to unite the islands. Along the way, stop at the Punchbowl, the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, which sits high above Honolulu and offers views back toward the city.

           To see the best surfers in the world, drive to Oahu’s North Shore, where legendary beaches like the Pipeline, Sunset Beach, and Waimea Bay receive some of the best surf in the world, especially in winter.

           Take note of the following when visiting Pearl Harbor. Because of additional security measures adopted post 9-11, bags, including camera bags and backpacks, pocketbooks, etc. are not allowed on the tour, so visitors should leave these items in their car, before leaving the parking lot to get into line. Cameras are allowed as long as they are exposed in full view.

 

     2. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

            Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the Big Island of Hawaii, allows visitors an up-close and personal look at the wonder and devastation associated with volcanoes. Mauna Loa and Kilauea are the two volcanoes featured in the park. There are landscapes and exhibits to visit which illustrate the power and destruction of these and other volcanoes (don’t miss the film at the Visitor Center prior to venturing out into the park).

            A trip along Crater Rim Drive reveals many different aspects of Kilauea’s history. Definitely take the fairly short walk to and through the Thurston Lava Tube for an interesting and eerie perspective.

            Also drive down Chain of Craters Road to see, first hand, some of the devastation wrought by Kilauea in the past. Notice also the steam rising from Mauna Ulu and Puu Oo which indicate the continuation of Kilauea’s current eruption.

            This park offers an opportunity to see fresh lava flowing to the edge of the island and into the ocean. For people interested in geological phenomena, this is a chance of a lifetime, since most volcanic eruptions are unexpected and too violent to approach. To get this unparalleled view, take the Chain of Craters Road to its end (there is a small Ranger Station at the blockade, so cars must be parked somewhere along the road in that vicinity). Then walk several miles over very uneven terrain with no path (except for the very beginning of the stroll) until there is an area where new continental crust is being formed by the hardening of lava. Break open the surface of the rock, to see fresh lava oozing toward the ocean. Veering toward the coastline, visitors may see the steam and gases at the interface where hot magma meets cold ocean water. It is an unforgettable experience, well worth the exertion. (Don’t be too discouraged by Park Rangers who seem to be constantly reminding people of the dangers of getting too close). However, do be extremely careful since the walk traverses areas where the volcanic crust may be only hours old!

 

     3. Maui

           Maui, the “Valley Isle”, is the second largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is a land dominated by two volcanoes, Haleakala to the east, and Pu’u Kukui to the west with a wide valley between them that makes up the middle of the island. Notable sights on the island include, besides Haleakala National Park, the old town of Lahaina, which has several historical buildings, the Iao Valley, with its “Iao Needle”, a sacred area to Hawaiians but open to visitors, and the beautiful “Road to Hana”, a scenic drive along the northwestern coast. Be aware that there is no way of looping back to central Maui, so that the drive must be retraced, a roundtrip of more than 5 hours without stops. Get a map of the Hana Highway prior to setting out and plan stops, designated by milepost number for maximum enjoyment.

            Haleakala National Park gives the visitor a look at the otherworldly landscape of a volcanic crater and even allows a descent into the valley created by erosion at the top of the mountain. An interesting activity involves watching the sunrise from the top of the mountain (be advised that this requires a very early start since the drive up the mountain is over thirty miles and is steep and winding in parts). Another common park activity involves renting bicycles, being trucked up the mountain and riding down (not for the faint of heart, but there are numerous stops along the way for rest and recuperation).

            Must sees while in the park include the Silversword plant, which grows only on the summit of Haleakala and lives for fifty years before flowering and dying. Look closely at the plants on display at the Summit Visitor Center. Also be sure to take a walk on one of the trails at the summit for great views of cinder cones and for panoramic views of Maui. The adventuresome should definitely bicycle down the mountain. Tour groups are abundant.

            While in Lahaina, make reservations for the Lahaina Lu’au, the nicest luau in the islands, with excellent entertainment and a beautiful setting.

            On the “Road to Hana”, be sure to stop at Wai’anapanapa State Park to picnic or take pictures on the small black sand beach with interesting black rock arches offshore which contrast nicely with the gorgeous teal-blue water. There is also a lava tube cave.

 

     4. Kauai

            Kauai, Hawaii’s Garden Isle, is the fourth largest and northernmost of the Hawaiian Islands. Much of the island’s interior remains fairly inaccessible except to hikers. The roads generally skirt the coast. Because of the extremely rugged Na Pali coast, cars cannot totally circle the island. Waimea Canyon, often called the “Grand Canyon of the Pacific” is a spectacular sight, although access to view points, on Waimea Canyon Drive, requires cautious driving.

            A rather kitschy but thoroughly enjoyable island activity involves a boat trip up the Wailua River to Fern Grotto, a picturesque area of rain forest. The spot is so romantic that numerous weddings take place here.

            On the northern coast of Kauai, beyond the town of Hanalei, is Lumahai Beach, made famous during the filming of “South Pacific”. The beautiful, crescent-shaped beach is dangerous to swim at because of strong currents, but a stroll along the shore is memorable and a visit to the rocks at the Eastern end of the beach reveals small tide pools frequented by beautiful, colorful fish.